1. Framing the Question (PICOT)

Evidence-based practice begins with a focused question. As discussed in our critical appraisal guide, the PICOT format ensures your search strategy is targeted.

2. The Hierarchy of Evidence

Not all research is equal. You must classify your articles. High-level evidence provides stronger recommendations for practice. For a detailed breakdown, refer to the UNC Health Sciences Library guide on evidence hierarchy.

• Level I: Systematic Reviews / Meta-Analyses (Highest)
• Level II: Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
• Level III: Quasi-Experimental Studies
• Level VI: Qualitative Studies (Valuable for patient experience, though lower on the hierarchy for causality).

3. Evaluating Quantitative Research

For your quantitative article (e.g., an RCT), assess the rigor of the numbers. See our quantitative methods guide for more details.

4. Evaluating Qualitative Research

For your qualitative article (e.g., interviews), you evaluate “Trustworthiness” rather than validity. For specific criteria, see our qualitative research guide.

• Credibility: Do the participants recognize their experience in the findings? (Member checking).
• Transferability: Can these findings apply to other settings? (Thick description).

5. Bias and Application

Every study has bias. Selection bias occurs if the sample isn’t representative. Recall bias happens in surveys when patients forget past details.

Impact on the APN

As an Advanced Practice Nurse, you use these findings to change policy. If the quantitative study shows CGM lowers A1c (high validity) and the qualitative study shows patients love it (high credibility), you have a strong case to advocate for insurance coverage of these devices.