The Main Factors that Influences Population Size in Different Parts of the World. Outline
Introduction
Population size is always changing in the world due to influence from several factors. This paper focuses on the main factors that influence population size in different parts of the world.
Main Body
Fertility
Positive
a) There are currently more births than deaths worldwide, particularly in developing countries that account 97% (Fact Sheet: World Population Trends 2012 by Carl Haub. This result from dual effect of the high birth rate and young population
Negative
Women’s fertility rates have dropped around the world and particularly developing countries due do family planning and more access to contraception.
Mortality
Positive
a) Living longer can cause a region’s population to increase even if birth rates remain constant. In Developed Countries, annual number of births barely exceeds deaths because of low birth rates and much older populations
Negative
High mortality rate than the birth rate influences population negatively. Trend studies point that in developing countries, by 2025, it is likely that deaths will exceed births in developed countries, the first time this will have happened in history.
Migration
Positive
a) Population has increased due to people migrating into these countries. U.N. Demographers believe that the numbers of people moving to other countries to work and live is rising. The United States adds to global demographic diversity by having by far the largest population in the industrial world (about 303 million)
Negative
High migration instances result in high population in most urban areas and countries. For example, the United States adds to global demographic diversity by having by far the largest population in the industrial world (about 303 million). Higher world population in the decades ahead is cause for concern
Conclusion
To sum up, Population can either increase or decrease as a result of fertility rate, mortality rate, and migration among others. These factors influence populations either positively or negatively. Positively influence result in an increase whereas a negative influence result in a decrease respectively
References
Haub, C. (2012). Fact Sheet: World Population Trends 2012. [online] Prb.org. Available at: http://www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2012/world-population-data-sheet/fact-sheet-world-population.aspx [Accessed 8 Feb. 2015].
Dimick, D. (2014). As World’s Population Booms, Will Its Resources Be Enough for Us?. [online] National Geographic. Available at: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/09/140920-population-11billion-demographics-anthropocene/ [Accessed 8 Feb. 2015].
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Schools in the United States are using student-directed projects (Chowa, Plaskon & Ansong, 2010, p. 2). Student directed projects can help improve students’ leadership, innovation, and practice skills. Chowa et al. (2010) suggested that “the title of the paper is centered on the first line of the third page and is in uppercase and lowercase letters” (para. 2). Do not italicize the title or put it in quotes (Chowa, Plaskon & Ansong, 2010). The introduction begins on the line following the title of the paper. The entire paper should be double-spaced, including the title page, abstract, body, and references. This is where your thesis statement goes.
In order to give proper credit to the ideas and words of others, any outside sources used in the body of the paper must be documented by citing the sources’ author(s) and date(s). This is called an in-text citation. Each in-text citation must have a corresponding full source citation on the references page that follows the body of the paper. As noted by Stevens, Smith and Jones (2008), a signal phrase “signals to the reader that either a direct quote or a paraphrase is about to follow” (p. 5). As in this example, when the author’s name is part of the sentence, the year of the publication appears in parentheses directly following the author’s name, e.g., Stevens (2008). When the author of a source is not mentioned in the sentence, both the author and year of publication appear in parentheses (Stevens et al., 2008).
If a work has two authors, both authors are cited in each in-text citation to that source. For an in-text citation of a source with two authors, use both authors’ last names separated by an ampersand (&). When a source has between three and five authors, use all authors the first time the source is cited. For second and subsequent references to the source, use the first author’s last name and et al. without the quotes: (Cuddy, 2002). The words et al. will not be in italics and will have a period after the word al. If you cite the source again in the same paragraph the year is left out. For example, it would be (Jones et al., 2009) for the first citation of the source and then (Jones et al.) each additional time the source is cited in that same paragraph.
If there are six or more authors, use just the first author’s last name and et al. every time the source is cited. When no author is listed, use the first few words of the title in quotation marks for the titles of articles, book chapters or articles. When no publication date is listed, use the abbreviation n.d., which stands for no date. When a direct quote is taken from a source with page numbers, such as a book, magazine, or newspaper, include the page number as part of the citation. If the quote is fewer than 40 words, it should be enclosed in double quotation marks and should be incorporated into the formal structure of the sentence.
If the quotation that you are using is more than 40 words long, you must use a block quotation. This is a block quotation. In a block quotation, you should not use any quotations at all unless they are needed to indicate a quotation within the original text. (“APA Block Quotation,” n.d.)
If you have a direct quote but your source does not have page numbers but does give paragraph numbers then you would give the paragraph number to show where you found your quote. It would look like this: (para 9). If there are no page numbers or paragraph numbers but headings are given, then give the heading and the number of the paragraph that follows it. You will need to count the paragraphs yourself since the numbers are not given. The in-text citation would look like this: (Franklin, 2009, Past Research section, para. 9). If the headings are too long to use in your in-text citation use a shortened version in quotation marks like this: (Lorraine, 2009, “Stock market trends,” para. 56).
The references section begins on a new page. The heading is centered on the first line of the new page. The references, which are double spaced, have a hanging indent and begin on the line following the references heading. Entries are organized alphabetically by whatever comes first in the reference (author last name or first word of title).
References
APA block quotation. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.rpi.edu/web/writingcenter /wc_web/school/apa_block_quotation.htm
Chowa, G.A. & Ansong, D. (2010). Student directed projects: An international case study for social work education. Journal of Social Work Education, 46(2), 285-291.
Cuddy, C.M. (2002). Demystifying APA style. Orthopedic Nursing 21(5), 35-42. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database.
Stevens, J.R. (2008). The signal phrase. Retrieved from http://www.englishdiscourse.org/signal.html
In-text citation: Author last name (year) or (Author last name, year).
Format:
Author. (Year, Month Day). Title of post or chat [Format]. Retrieved from URL
Discussion Board Reference (NOTE: This would include a hanging indent in a Word document)
Myers, A. (2012, May 22). Types of business environments [Discussion board post]. Retrieved from https://mycampus.aiu-online.com/classroom/Pages/DiscussionBoard.aspx
Live Chat: Plaskon, D. (2012, October 24). Unit 3 Live Chat [Live Chat]. Retrieved from insert URL
Course Material/M.U.S.E. Presentations
In-text citation: Author last name (year)
Reference Format:
Author. (Year). Title of presentation/material [Format of material]. Retrieved from URL
Reference Example (NOTE: This would include a hanging indent in a Word document):
Career Education Corporation. (2010). The narrative essay [Multimedia]. Retrieved from https://mycampus.aiu-online.com/courses/ENGL106/u1/hub1/hub.html
Place this order or similar order and get an amazing discount. USE Discount code “GET20” for 20% discount
By assessing two modules, which have a specific operations focus, at stage 2 together you will be able to gain a deeper knowledge of supply chain management and decision making.
It is intended that by completing this assessment students will not only have the required understanding to pass each of the three modules but also have a greater understanding of how operations affect businesses and the way we manage them.
Listed below are the learning outcomes for each of the courses involved with this integrated assessment:
BA (Hons) Business Management
The intended learning outcomes of the BA (Hons) Business Management course are to enable graduates to:
Have a wide knowledge and understanding of the broad range of areas of business and management, and the detailed relationships between these, their application and importance in an integrated framework.
Consistently demonstrate a command of subject specific skills including application of knowledge, as well as proficiency in intellectual skills.
Have a view of business and management which is influenced by a variety of learning sources including [but not limited to] guided learning, team work and independent study.
Be distinguished from the threshold category as defined by the QAA (2007) by their enhanced capacity to develop and apply their own perspectives to their studies, to deal with uncertainty and complexity, to explore alternative solutions, to demonstrate critical evaluation and to integrate theory and practice in a wide range of situations.
Module Combinations
As part of this integrated form of assessment you will need to be studying both of the following modules.
Business Management
238SAM Contemporary Supply Chain Management
251SAM Consultancy Management Techniques
Learning Outcomes
This integrated assessment looks to achieve the following specific learning outcomes from each of the three modules:
Business Management
238SAM Contemporary Supply Chain Management
LO3. Understand and apply appropriate management frameworks which can be used for the planning and control of materials and services, from the viewpoints of quality, quantity and cost analysis. LO4. Understand the range of tools and techniques available to aid efficient and effective Supply chain managerial decision making.
251SAM Consultancy Management Techniques
LO1. Identify and select sources of data and information relevant to the decision making process LO2. Analyse and present information to support decision making LO3. Communicate results of information analysis and decision making LO4. Select appropriate tools and techniques to support managerial decision making.
Task
Consider the following hypothetical scenario in regards to Jaguar Land Rover.
As consumers and automotive manufacturers become more aware of environmental issues, the pressure to develop new alternative fueled cars has become of strategic importance.
Jaguar Land Rover is committed to meeting the needs of their consumers and therefore has taken the decision to add an all electric vehicle to their existing line up. To reach this objective, JLR will have to implement new supply chains. This report will focus on the creation of supply chain networks from internationally based suppliers to the UK.
You will have to gather information and subsequently make decisions regarding the location of new JLR suppliers according to decision-making systems.
You will have to:
Identify and select sources of data and information regarding suppliers (you will need to consider the entire supply chain)
Identify the legal requirements relating to the collection use and storage of data and information
Select and apply appropriate decision-making frameworks to support the selection of the suppliers
Analyse and present information to support the decisions regarding suppliers selection
Consider how the supply chain for the new vehicle may differ to previous vehicles at JLR.
Consider how quality, quantity and cost will be addressed when making decisions throughout the supply chain.
Analyse the role of the customer in the supply chain.
Identify and discuss potential areas of difficulties in the new supply chain, offering ideas for constructive solutions.
Introduction, Conclusion / Recommendations, and reference list all need to be supplied in your final report.
Instructions
Your report needs to be presented in full report format with all sections included.
The word count for each of the main report is 3000 words with roughly 1500 words for each of the two modules. Please note that material outside of this, such as your introduction etc, are not included in the word count but are marked. Please refer to the marking criteria for details of how marks are allocated and determined for this piece of work.
Please remember that this piece of work is integrated across two modules and therefore you should ensure that your introduction, recommendations, conclusions and reference list reflect this.
Submission date: 1st of May 2015 at 23:55 via Turnitin only.
Failure to submit work on or before the deadline will result in a mark of 0 being awarded in line with current University policy.
IMPORTANT – PLEASE READ THIS WARNING REGARDING PLAGIARISM
Assessments must be all your own work and must not have been copied in part or in whole from any other source, such as books or the internet, or from other students’ work. If you wish to use another author’s exact words in a short quotation this must be clearly marked up in inverted commas with the exact source given, including page number, so that the reader can clearly see which words have been copied and are not your own. Just quoting references used at the end is not sufficient.
Please see your course handbook or the Faculty website for more information on referencing and university regulations on plagiarism.
Background Reading
The below case study should be considered when beginning your research into JLR, it should however be noted that this information is relevant to the current state of JLR and does not reflect the hypothetical scenario that you need to consider for this assignment.
Case Study
1.0 JLR
www.jaguarlandrover.com
The Jaguar Land Rover PLC is a huge company and a key player within the automobile industry. The company operates indirectly and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tata Motors Limited. Jaguar Land Rover is built around two iconic British brands, Jaguar Cars Limited and Land Rover, which invent, engineer and produce cars in the UK with different target market within the industry. The former is branded as one of the premier producers of sports cars and luxury sports saloons in the world and the latter is a renowned producer of premium 4x4s all-terrain vehicles (Jaguar Land Rover n.d.). In addition, the company has attained a unique global image through a defined sales and distribution network of cars, related parts and accessories. The two top brands merged together in one world-class business, offers a portfolio of cars that are highly recognised as leaders in their sector. As a result, Jaguar Land Rover continues to falsify ahead in design excellence and technological innovation with the launch of its award winning Range Rover Evoque deemed as the “Car Design of the Year” (Range Rover n.d.). Other countries accolade for the Evoque includes ‘Auto Design and Styling’ and ‘Best SUV of 2011’ from Czech publication and Motor Press Editorial Group in Portugal respectively (Range Rover n.d.).
1.1 History
Jaguar Cars Ltd
Founded in 1922 by Sir William Lyons as the Swallow Sidecar Company, Jaguar Cars Ltd simply named in 1945, originated from motorcycle sidecars before moving into passenger car productions. In 1968, the company merged with the British Motor Corporation of which expanded the business’ operations. This gave Jaguar the opportunity to be listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1984 under the FTSE 100 Index, prior the acquisition of the company by Ford in 1989 for £1.6 billion.
After the purchase, the company became part of the Premier Automotive Group in 1999 collectively with Aston Martin and Volvo Cars. Land Rover then joined the group after a year.
Jaguar has been known in recent years as a car manufacturer for prime ministers with the most recent one being the XJ model (Autoblog 2010). Also, the stylishly designed and luxurious Jaguar cars hold Royal Warrants from HM Queen Elizabeth II and HRH Prince Charles (Motor Quote Direct 2011). Currently, Jaguar operates from the Whitley plant in Coventry and the Gaydon site in Warwickshire where the cars are designed with a highly urbanized research and development centre since 1985 and the high-technology design and engineering centre since 2000 respectively. The Gaydon site also incorporate business functions such as Finance, Marketing, Sales, Human Resources and other services. The company manufactures from two plants which includes, Browns Lane which is known as the Jaguar veneer manufacturing centre since 1951and the Castle Bromwich which operates as the “Body in White Assembly and Paint, Trim and Final Assembly of all XJ, XF and XK model” (Jaguar n.d.).
The proximity of the plants enables the company to simply split the car body development from its assembly thereby creating a platform for a prompt manufacturing process. An additional plant which operates like the Castle Bromwich however, for Freelander 2 and X-TYPE models is the Halewood located in Liverpool. In order to offer an intriguing glimpse into the history of the company and create a positive public image, the company opened the Jaguar Heritage Museum which serves as a promotion centre and a home to about 160 Jaguar and Daimler displays from 1896 to the present (Jaguar n.d.). The museum was established in 1998.
One of flaws that Jaguar faced was the introduction of the X-TYPE to battle its rival, BMW 3 series, of which became a huge disappointment from their fans. The decision made by Ford to produce the car was based on Ford Mondeo’s platform. Jaguar’s X-type was described by customers as re-modelled Mondeo but their major drawback was the conservative styling and an uninspiring interior compared to competitors (Auto Express 2011). This resulted in the lack of sales hence losses incurred.
Land Rover
The company was founded by Maurice Wilks, chief designer at the Rover Company, who designed the original Land Rover through an inspiration from an American World War II Jeep used during his holiday (The Telegraph 2011). As a result, the first Land Rover was manufactured on a Jeep chassis. As part of its history, Land Rover was launched by Rover in 1948 and became part of the Leyland Motor Corporation in 1967 until 1968 when the British Leyland was formed after the merger of the British Motor Holdings and Leyland Motor Corporation. British Aerospace acquired the Rover Group in 1988 and six years after, BMW made an offer to overtake the company. The deal was successful and BMW became the sole owners of the company. The rapid change of ownership shows that the company was less profitable. To this effect, Land Rover was sold to Ford Motor Company in 2000 for £1.85 billion (3 billion euros) and became part of the Premier Automotive group (BBC 2010). Ever since Land Rover begun, the company has grown into a renowned brand which comprises of a range of four-wheel-drive models. The models include the series, defender, discovery, freelander, range rover, range rover sport and range rover evoque.
1.2 JLR Today
Jaguar Land Rover has undergone structural changes during its growth and development coupled with the rapid ownership changes elaborated above. The era has seen a recent divestiture by Ford when Jaguar became a financial drain on the company for years hence, making loss despite the £4 billion invested in Jaguar and Land Rover (AutoMotto 2006). Following the closure of Jaguar’s plant at Browns lane in Coventry, which led to unemployment issues, Ford decided to sell off Jaguar so as to reduce its costs and keep up with the rising competition in the US market (AutoMotto 2006). Although Land Rover was profitable, it did not have a huge impact on the company. In effect, Ford intended to use a ‘BOGOF’ strategy by selling Jaguar and throwing in Land Rover so as to attract buyers.
When the deal was announced, Tata, India’s biggest car vehicle maker showed an interest and negotiated based on the price and supply network systems. Ford and Tata agreed on a half price deal of £1.5 billion ($2.3 billion) for the two British marques in June 2008 (BBC NEWS 2011). The sale was crowned with a satisfactory statement from the executive chairman of Ford that it was “not a mistake” since there were rumors regarding the deal (BskyB 2011).
Apart from these rumors and the widespread scepticism in the market regarding an Indian company possessing Britain’s luxurious brands, other stakeholders were concerned about the takeover’s impact on the economy. This was partly due to the cost cutting measures taken by Ford, during the recession such as downsizing. However, Tata confirmed that there will be no significant changes instead, the takeover would enhance and expand their international presence and competition especially in the market of passenger cars. At this stage it is important to realise that although JLR was loss making company, Tata had 90% of their sales in the Indian market and looked to expand its market concentration internationally across different and customer segments and geographies. As a result, the company has penetrated into the UK market and emerging ones by acquiring the loss making firm. Aside the opportunities and strengths of the takeover, there were challenges faced by the entire Tata Group. Although the long term profitability of JLR seemed feasible to Tata’s management, a conflict of interest was demonstrated by shareholders’ dissatisfaction. This was mainly due to the negative market reaction of value investors when the takeover deal was announced.
Also industry analysts predicted that the major issues that could disturb the foresight of the company were the funding risks, currency risks and economic downturn in markets in Europe and America (IBS Centre of Management Research n.d.). In response to the issues at hand, the global investment bank UBS stated that “This (the debt) could increase Tata Motors’ interest costs by Rs 650-700 crore per annum and reduce the earnings per share for 2008-09 by Rs 12-13, or 19-20 per cent (Business today 2011).” Standard & Poor’s assessment of Tata’s outstanding debt of $850 million for JLR purchase resulted in a downgrade of its credit ratings from B+ to B (Bloomberg Business week 2011).
As employees of JLR were not happy about the takeover due to the risk of downsizing, the company revived their confidence by signing an agreement with Unite, JLR’s trade union group, with the intention of safeguarding jobs for three years till 2011(Business today 2011).
The agreement included other packages such as pensions and sourcing agreements of which are very beneficial to the UK automotive industry. After some time, the company was at risk of shutting down some of its plants such as those in solihull, Halewood, Castle Bromwich and Coventry due to the 10 months loss of about £280 million in 2009 which is 32% fall in sales. Consequently, the government expressed its willingness to support JLR, stating that the company is a viable business with future prospects (BBC NEWS 2011). The management of the company, therefore, requested for £1 billion bailout.
This request was subject to the government’s scrutiny of which the business secretary Lord Mandelson added his thoughts stating that “The car sector – car manufacturing – is a centre of real excellence and competitive strength in our country” (Haymarket Media Group 2011). It is apparent that, the company could not withstand the competition at hand and was dramatically facing cash flow problems with the inability to meet their debt obligations as they fell due such as payment to suppliers and lenders.
The crowning victory that has long been waiting for was the renaissance of the JLR brand. Following a high degree of investment in research and development to rebuild the brand image, the classic and luxurious Jaguar XF and XK was revealed. JLR has invested more than £1 billion per year over the five forthcoming years to create thrilling and contemporary models that will, ultimately, fortify JLR’s position internationally. Subsequently, signs of immediate results were reflected where sales were up 95% and 25% for the XF and XK models respectively. This comprised of an increase in sales in emerging markets like China and India recording a 43% sales rise in China. Overall, JLR sales rose by 51% from £6.6 billion to £9.9 billion which was aided by a favourable foreign exchange rates. Annual profits of more than £1.1 billion were recorded. Ralf Speth, chief executive of JLR, said: “This is a solid performance but we must remain focused on delivering a strong, sustainable business model for the future (Dennis Publishing Limited 2011).” Professor Bailey of Coventry University Business School also added that JLR is focussing on doubling production over the next four years.
He also stated that car productions target for JLR has been set at 300,000 rather than 150,000 by 2015 (Birmingham Post.net 2010). This creates a platform for low-cost importers from India to penetrate the market.
References
Autoblog (2010) Cameron gets a new Jag to go with the new job [online] available
The output is well structured and communicated. It is coherent and shows an excellent level of analysis and evaluation with clear signs of originality and insight. Has read and synthesised extensively beyond the immediately relevant reading. The final report is well laid out and successfully brings together all of three of the individual modules.
The project has relevant content which meets all criteria set in the assessment booklet. Clear evidence of independent inquiry and critical judgment in selecting, ordering, analysing and synthesising. Has read the immediately relevant literature and to a great extent beyond. Has successfully linked the three module topics together.
Some appropriate theory plus an attempt at analysis but with basic linkage between theory and analysis. Has read the immediately relevant literature and beyond. Some attempt at bringing the three modules together has been made. Makes only a basic attempt to answer the questions. Lacks focus and only a weak attempt at analysis. Has read some of the immediately relevant literature. Lacks synthesis between the discreet topic areas. Fails to understand the basic requirements of the questions. Essentially descriptive work showing only limited understanding and application of ideas. Little evidence of having read the immediately relevant literature. No evidence that relevant subject knowledge has been understood. Little attempt at analysis.
POOR FAIL 0 – 34
Poorly organised superficial description with virtually no understanding or analysis of the issues involved. No attempt at synthesis. No evidence of having read the immediately relevant literature or understood basic theory.
Section
Maximum Mark
Marked by
Introduction
5
Decision Making
Supply Chain Management
90
Supply Chain Management
Decision Making
90
Decision Making
Recommendations and Conclusions
10
Supply Chain Management
Referencing and Layout
5
Decision Making
Total Marks
200
By assessing two modules, which have a specific operations focus, at stage 2 together you will be able to gain a deeper knowledge of supply chain management and decision making.
It is intended that by completing this assessment students will not only have the required understanding to pass each of the three modules but also have a greater understanding of how operations affect businesses and the way we manage them.
Listed below are the learning outcomes for each of the courses involved with this integrated assessment:
BA (Hons) Business Management
The intended learning outcomes of the BA (Hons) Business Management course are to enable graduates to:
Have a wide knowledge and understanding of the broad range of areas of business and management, and the detailed relationships between these, their application and importance in an integrated framework.
Consistently demonstrate a command of subject specific skills including application of knowledge, as well as proficiency in intellectual skills.
Have a view of business and management which is influenced by a variety of learning sources including [but not limited to] guided learning, team work and independent study.
Be distinguished from the threshold category as defined by the QAA (2007) by their enhanced capacity to develop and apply their own perspectives to their studies, to deal with uncertainty and complexity, to explore alternative solutions, to demonstrate critical evaluation and to integrate theory and practice in a wide range of situations.
Module Combinations
As part of this integrated form of assessment you will need to be studying both of the following modules.
Business Management
238SAM Contemporary Supply Chain Management
251SAM Consultancy Management Techniques
Learning Outcomes
This integrated assessment looks to achieve the following specific learning outcomes from each of the three modules:
Business Management
238SAM Contemporary Supply Chain Management
LO3. Understand and apply appropriate management frameworks which can be used for the planning and control of materials and services, from the viewpoints of quality, quantity and cost analysis. LO4. Understand the range of tools and techniques available to aid efficient and effective Supply chain managerial decision making.
251SAM Consultancy Management Techniques
LO1. Identify and select sources of data and information relevant to the decision making process LO2. Analyse and present information to support decision making LO3. Communicate results of information analysis and decision making LO4. Select appropriate tools and techniques to support managerial decision making.
Task
Consider the following hypothetical scenario in regards to Jaguar Land Rover.
As consumers and automotive manufacturers become more aware of environmental issues, the pressure to develop new alternative fueled cars has become of strategic importance.
Jaguar Land Rover is committed to meeting the needs of their consumers and therefore has taken the decision to add an all electric vehicle to their existing line up. To reach this objective, JLR will have to implement new supply chains. This report will focus on the creation of supply chain networks from internationally based suppliers to the UK.
You will have to gather information and subsequently make decisions regarding the location of new JLR suppliers according to decision-making systems.
You will have to:
Identify and select sources of data and information regarding suppliers (you will need to consider the entire supply chain)
Identify the legal requirements relating to the collection use and storage of data and information
Select and apply appropriate decision-making frameworks to support the selection of the suppliers
Analyse and present information to support the decisions regarding suppliers selection
Consider how the supply chain for the new vehicle may differ to previous vehicles at JLR.
Consider how quality, quantity and cost will be addressed when making decisions throughout the supply chain.
Analyse the role of the customer in the supply chain.
Identify and discuss potential areas of difficulties in the new supply chain, offering ideas for constructive solutions.
Introduction, Conclusion / Recommendations, and reference list all need to be supplied in your final report.
Instructions
Your report needs to be presented in full report format with all sections included.
Please ensure that your report contains:
Title Page
An Executive Summary
Contents
Introduction
Discussion / Main Body
Recommendations and Conclusions
Full List of References
The word count for each of the main report is 3000 words with roughly 1500 words for each of the two modules. Please note that material outside of this, such as your introduction etc, are not included in the word count but are marked. Please refer to the marking criteria for details of how marks are allocated and determined for this piece of work.
Please remember that this piece of work is integrated across two modules and therefore you should ensure that your introduction, recommendations, conclusions and reference list reflect this.
Submission date: 1st of May 2015 at 23:55 via Turnitin only.
Failure to submit work on or before the deadline will result in a mark of 0 being awarded in line with current University policy.
IMPORTANT – PLEASE READ THIS WARNING REGARDING PLAGIARISM
Assessments must be all your own work and must not have been copied in part or in whole from any other source, such as books or the internet, or from other students’ work. If you wish to use another author’s exact words in a short quotation this must be clearly marked up in inverted commas with the exact source given, including page number, so that the reader can clearly see which words have been copied and are not your own. Just quoting references used at the end is not sufficient.
Please see your course handbook or the Faculty website for more information on referencing and university regulations on plagiarism.
Background Reading
The below case study should be considered when beginning your research into JLR, it should however be noted that this information is relevant to the current state of JLR and does not reflect the hypothetical scenario that you need to consider for this assignment.
Case Study
1.0 JLR
www.jaguarlandrover.com
The Jaguar Land Rover PLC is a huge company and a key player within the automobile industry. The company operates indirectly and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tata Motors Limited. Jaguar Land Rover is built around two iconic British brands, Jaguar Cars Limited and Land Rover, which invent, engineer and produce cars in the UK with different target market within the industry. The former is branded as one of the premier producers of sports cars and luxury sports saloons in the world and the latter is a renowned producer of premium 4x4s all-terrain vehicles (Jaguar Land Rover n.d.). In addition, the company has attained a unique global image through a defined sales and distribution network of cars, related parts and accessories. The two top brands merged together in one world-class business, offers a portfolio of cars that are highly recognised as leaders in their sector. As a result, Jaguar Land Rover continues to falsify ahead in design excellence and technological innovation with the launch of its award winning Range Rover Evoque deemed as the “Car Design of the Year” (Range Rover n.d.). Other countries accolade for the Evoque includes ‘Auto Design and Styling’ and ‘Best SUV of 2011’ from Czech publication and Motor Press Editorial Group in Portugal respectively (Range Rover n.d.).
1.1 History
Jaguar Cars Ltd
Founded in 1922 by Sir William Lyons as the Swallow Sidecar Company, Jaguar Cars Ltd simply named in 1945, originated from motorcycle sidecars before moving into passenger car productions. In 1968, the company merged with the British Motor Corporation of which expanded the business’ operations. This gave Jaguar the opportunity to be listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1984 under the FTSE 100 Index, prior the acquisition of the company by Ford in 1989 for £1.6 billion.
After the purchase, the company became part of the Premier Automotive Group in 1999 collectively with Aston Martin and Volvo Cars. Land Rover then joined the group after a year.
Jaguar has been known in recent years as a car manufacturer for prime ministers with the most recent one being the XJ model (Autoblog 2010). Also, the stylishly designed and luxurious Jaguar cars hold Royal Warrants from HM Queen Elizabeth II and HRH Prince Charles (Motor Quote Direct 2011). Currently, Jaguar operates from the Whitley plant in Coventry and the Gaydon site in Warwickshire where the cars are designed with a highly urbanized research and development centre since 1985 and the high-technology design and engineering centre since 2000 respectively. The Gaydon site also incorporate business functions such as Finance, Marketing, Sales, Human Resources and other services. The company manufactures from two plants which includes, Browns Lane which is known as the Jaguar veneer manufacturing centre since 1951and the Castle Bromwich which operates as the “Body in White Assembly and Paint, Trim and Final Assembly of all XJ, XF and XK model” (Jaguar n.d.).
The proximity of the plants enables the company to simply split the car body development from its assembly thereby creating a platform for a prompt manufacturing process. An additional plant which operates like the Castle Bromwich however, for Freelander 2 and X-TYPE models is the Halewood located in Liverpool. In order to offer an intriguing glimpse into the history of the company and create a positive public image, the company opened the Jaguar Heritage Museum which serves as a promotion centre and a home to about 160 Jaguar and Daimler displays from 1896 to the present (Jaguar n.d.). The museum was established in 1998.
One of flaws that Jaguar faced was the introduction of the X-TYPE to battle its rival, BMW 3 series, of which became a huge disappointment from their fans. The decision made by Ford to produce the car was based on Ford Mondeo’s platform. Jaguar’s X-type was described by customers as re-modelled Mondeo but their major drawback was the conservative styling and an uninspiring interior compared to competitors (Auto Express 2011). This resulted in the lack of sales hence losses incurred.
Land Rover
The company was founded by Maurice Wilks, chief designer at the Rover Company, who designed the original Land Rover through an inspiration from an American World War II Jeep used during his holiday (The Telegraph 2011). As a result, the first Land Rover was manufactured on a Jeep chassis. As part of its history, Land Rover was launched by Rover in 1948 and became part of the Leyland Motor Corporation in 1967 until 1968 when the British Leyland was formed after the merger of the British Motor Holdings and Leyland Motor Corporation. British Aerospace acquired the Rover Group in 1988 and six years after, BMW made an offer to overtake the company. The deal was successful and BMW became the sole owners of the company. The rapid change of ownership shows that the company was less profitable. To this effect, Land Rover was sold to Ford Motor Company in 2000 for £1.85 billion (3 billion euros) and became part of the Premier Automotive group (BBC 2010). Ever since Land Rover begun, the company has grown into a renowned brand which comprises of a range of four-wheel-drive models. The models include the series, defender, discovery, freelander, range rover, range rover sport and range rover evoque.
1.2 JLR Today
Jaguar Land Rover has undergone structural changes during its growth and development coupled with the rapid ownership changes elaborated above. The era has seen a recent divestiture by Ford when Jaguar became a financial drain on the company for years hence, making loss despite the £4 billion invested in Jaguar and Land Rover (AutoMotto 2006). Following the closure of Jaguar’s plant at Browns lane in Coventry, which led to unemployment issues, Ford decided to sell off Jaguar so as to reduce its costs and keep up with the rising competition in the US market (AutoMotto 2006). Although Land Rover was profitable, it did not have a huge impact on the company. In effect, Ford intended to use a ‘BOGOF’ strategy by selling Jaguar and throwing in Land Rover so as to attract buyers.
When the deal was announced, Tata, India’s biggest car vehicle maker showed an interest and negotiated based on the price and supply network systems. Ford and Tata agreed on a half price deal of £1.5 billion ($2.3 billion) for the two British marques in June 2008 (BBC NEWS 2011). The sale was crowned with a satisfactory statement from the executive chairman of Ford that it was “not a mistake” since there were rumors regarding the deal (BskyB 2011).
Apart from these rumors and the widespread scepticism in the market regarding an Indian company possessing Britain’s luxurious brands, other stakeholders were concerned about the takeover’s impact on the economy. This was partly due to the cost cutting measures taken by Ford, during the recession such as downsizing. However, Tata confirmed that there will be no significant changes instead, the takeover would enhance and expand their international presence and competition especially in the market of passenger cars. At this stage it is important to realise that although JLR was loss making company, Tata had 90% of their sales in the Indian market and looked to expand its market concentration internationally across different and customer segments and geographies. As a result, the company has penetrated into the UK market and emerging ones by acquiring the loss making firm. Aside the opportunities and strengths of the takeover, there were challenges faced by the entire Tata Group. Although the long term profitability of JLR seemed feasible to Tata’s management, a conflict of interest was demonstrated by shareholders’ dissatisfaction. This was mainly due to the negative market reaction of value investors when the takeover deal was announced.
Also industry analysts predicted that the major issues that could disturb the foresight of the company were the funding risks, currency risks and economic downturn in markets in Europe and America (IBS Centre of Management Research n.d.). In response to the issues at hand, the global investment bank UBS stated that “This (the debt) could increase Tata Motors’ interest costs by Rs 650-700 crore per annum and reduce the earnings per share for 2008-09 by Rs 12-13, or 19-20 per cent (Business today 2011).” Standard & Poor’s assessment of Tata’s outstanding debt of $850 million for JLR purchase resulted in a downgrade of its credit ratings from B+ to B (Bloomberg Business week 2011).
As employees of JLR were not happy about the takeover due to the risk of downsizing, the company revived their confidence by signing an agreement with Unite, JLR’s trade union group, with the intention of safeguarding jobs for three years till 2011(Business today 2011).
The agreement included other packages such as pensions and sourcing agreements of which are very beneficial to the UK automotive industry. After some time, the company was at risk of shutting down some of its plants such as those in solihull, Halewood, Castle Bromwich and Coventry due to the 10 months loss of about £280 million in 2009 which is 32% fall in sales. Consequently, the government expressed its willingness to support JLR, stating that the company is a viable business with future prospects (BBC NEWS 2011). The management of the company, therefore, requested for £1 billion bailout.
This request was subject to the government’s scrutiny of which the business secretary Lord Mandelson added his thoughts stating that “The car sector – car manufacturing – is a centre of real excellence and competitive strength in our country” (Haymarket Media Group 2011). It is apparent that, the company could not withstand the competition at hand and was dramatically facing cash flow problems with the inability to meet their debt obligations as they fell due such as payment to suppliers and lenders.
The crowning victory that has long been waiting for was the renaissance of the JLR brand. Following a high degree of investment in research and development to rebuild the brand image, the classic and luxurious Jaguar XF and XK was revealed. JLR has invested more than £1 billion per year over the five forthcoming years to create thrilling and contemporary models that will, ultimately, fortify JLR’s position internationally. Subsequently, signs of immediate results were reflected where sales were up 95% and 25% for the XF and XK models respectively. This comprised of an increase in sales in emerging markets like China and India recording a 43% sales rise in China. Overall, JLR sales rose by 51% from £6.6 billion to £9.9 billion which was aided by a favourable foreign exchange rates. Annual profits of more than £1.1 billion were recorded. Ralf Speth, chief executive of JLR, said: “This is a solid performance but we must remain focused on delivering a strong, sustainable business model for the future (Dennis Publishing Limited 2011).” Professor Bailey of Coventry University Business School also added that JLR is focussing on doubling production over the next four years.
He also stated that car productions target for JLR has been set at 300,000 rather than 150,000 by 2015 (Birmingham Post.net 2010). This creates a platform for low-cost importers from India to penetrate the market.
References
Autoblog (2010) Cameron gets a new Jag to go with the new job [online] available
The output is well structured and communicated. It is coherent and shows an excellent level of analysis and evaluation with clear signs of originality and insight. Has read and synthesised extensively beyond the immediately relevant reading. The final report is well laid out and successfully brings together all of three of the individual modules.
The project has relevant content which meets all criteria set in the assessment booklet. Clear evidence of independent inquiry and critical judgment in selecting, ordering, analysing and synthesising. Has read the immediately relevant literature and to a great extent beyond. Has successfully linked the three module topics together.
Some appropriate theory plus an attempt at analysis but with basic linkage between theory and analysis. Has read the immediately relevant literature and beyond. Some attempt at bringing the three modules together has been made. Makes only a basic attempt to answer the questions. Lacks focus and only a weak attempt at analysis. Has read some of the immediately relevant literature. Lacks synthesis between the discreet topic areas. Fails to understand the basic requirements of the questions. Essentially descriptive work showing only limited understanding and application of ideas. Little evidence of having read the immediately relevant literature. No evidence that relevant subject knowledge has been understood. Little attempt at analysis.
POOR FAIL 0 – 34
Poorly organised superficial description with virtually no understanding or analysis of the issues involved. No attempt at synthesis. No evidence of having read the immediately relevant literature or understood basic theory.
Section
Maximum Mark
Marked by
Introduction
5
Decision Making
Supply Chain Management
90
Supply Chain Management
Decision Making
90
Decision Making
Recommendations and Conclusions
10
Supply Chain Management
Referencing and Layout
5
Decision Making
Total Marks
200
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Having a clearer understanding of life in the universe has been one of the most fundamental journeys of many scientists. Life, in all its definitions, has been fascinating to many fields, including religion, astronomy, philosophy, biology and even physicians among others. Of particular interest is its different forms, the different areas (and planets) in which it can be found, as well as the things on which it exists. Discoveries have been made about the existence of life, with each subsequent one discrediting previous thought about life or even supporting them. Questions, however, arise as to whether scientists are closer today than they were in the past to discovering life. While there may be quite a number of fundamental discoveries and developments in science and astronomy, it is evident that scientists are nowhere close to discovering life, which would be difficult for this feat to be accomplished in my lifetime.
In the recent times, there has been interest in the role of bacteria, carbon and water in life as it is currently understood to be. This is especially as to whether there is a possibility that life could exist without water and carbon. As Mark Power (classmate) there is a possibility as to the existence of a planet that is devoid of water but with larger life forms. He, however, thinks this is unlikely especially drawing from the current knowledge about the physical composition of all large animals in this planet. These animals have water making up a fundamental percentage of their bodies. He opines that the absence of water would necessitate these animals to incorporate an entirely different physiology from the one currently known. Mark quotes an article in the science daily where more than 20 species of microbes exist in extreme conditions that are devoid of the things that scientists currently hold as fundamental for their existence. The soil in the slopes of Atacama region are seen as extremely uninhabitable as not only does it have no water but it is also extremely depleted of nutrients to the extent that the scientists could not detect the nitrogen levels (Lynch et al, 2012). In addition, the high-altitude environment experiences ultraviolet radiation that is twice as intense as that of a low-elevation altitude (Lynch et al, 2012). While it may be unclear how these microbes survive in this harsh condition, it undoubtedly raises questions about the commonly held notion as to the importance or necessity of water in the survival of all organisms. Michael Snow, in answering Mark Power’s question on whether earth-like conditions are necessary for the survival of large multicellular organisms, states that organisms may evolve so as to withstand the elements especially in instances where they have been exposed to such circumstances for long. This is especially considering that human species have undergone varied stages of evolution to adapt to their environments, in which case they can do it again, at least, in theory.
This notion seems to be supported by Tanner MacDonald, who quotes an article in Washington Post, which outlined a study done in 2010 on bacteria that lives in a Californian lake. Even though the arsenic (a highly poisonous substance) heavily pollutes the lake, scientists have discovered some species of bacteria that lives there (Kaufman, 2010). Interestingly, the bacteria swapped the toxic arsenic for phosphorus, as the examination of the bacteria’s DNA revealed. This pokes holes on the notion of phosphorus being one of the six fundamental blocks of life, as the discovery showed that arsenic can be used in its place and make a fundamental building block (Kaufman, 2010). As the scientists note, the findings serve as a reminder that life may be much more flexible than it is imagined or assumed to be. It is also worth noting that the bacteria did not only replace a single useful element (phosphorus) with another toxic one (arsenic), but also have arsenic as a fundamental building block in their makeup. As much as they are yet to determine whether arsenic existed in the bacteria right from the beginning or had replaced phosphorus as a form of adaptation, it is evident that quite a lot is yet to be known about life (Kaufman, 2010). In fact, the current knowledge seems to be flawed, with new discoveries discrediting it. It also changes the notion as to the things that could be examined in determining whether other parts of the universe have life as the six fundamental elements may be substituted with others making organisms live in areas where they were previously thought to be incapable of living. Ashley Saxton also explores the debate on what may be essential for survival of living things. While acknowledging that water supports the survival of “living’ organisms, she acknowledges that some forms of life survive without it. In essence, some other habitable areas may support some forms of life without water.
There is no consensus as to what life depends on or the things that may be termed as essential for the survival of life. Of course, the recent breakthroughs in science as the ones depicted above show that there is increased understanding as to the essentials of life. As much as they conflict previously held knowledge about the fundamentals of life, they add to the knowledge about the multiplicity of living organisms and their requirements. They expand the current knowledge on the fundamentals for life’s existence in the universe. In essence, they cannot be seen as a reversion of the previously held notions or as rendering them inaccurate, rather they allow scientists to eliminate varied things that were thought as essential and circle around fewer things. However, they create the impression that even the commonly held knowledge about life may be built on sinking sand, in which case they can be disputed any time in the future as new discoveries are made. In any case, the recent discoveries do not only create doubts as to water and carbon as essentials of life but to all other elements as well (Karttunen, 2007). This means that rather than narrowing the field on the elements to examine through the elimination of these elements, the discoveries have actually expanded it and sent scientists to the drawing board as to the things that they should have been examining.
In addition, one must take into account the recent developments in discovering life especially in the outer space. A group of astronomers under the auspices of Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) has been looking for indicators of intelligent life in the outer space (Seeds & Backman, 2011). In this endeavor, they use varied techniques with the most promising one being listening for any messages sent across the sky based on the assumptions that the extraterrestrials are trying to contact the people in planet earth (Karttunen, 2007). Currently, SETI is yet to get any radio signal to that effect, but scientists note that they have just started the search. In any case, numerous radio wave frequencies exist to examine, as well as numerous galaxies (Seeds & Backman, 2011). However, it is encouraging to note that technology is becoming better and more enhanced than before, in which case it allows for the conduction of more sensitive searches. Scientists point out that the answer as to whether these extraterrestrial beings are sending signals should be known within about 25 years at least going by the progress made (Seeds & Backman, 2011). As much as the engineers are doing an incredible job of advancing signal processing and radio technology, there exists no way of telling whether there exists aliens out there, or even whether they are making any effort to contact us in planet earth (Wills & Wills, 2001). In essence, despite the technological advances, scientists are unsure as to exactly what they should be looking for and are left to make wild guesses and channeling efforts to them while hoping that they pay off in the long term (Karttunen, 2007). There, in fact, exists no guarantee that even after the 25 years there will be positive results, rather the scientists are simply hoping to get such waves, which would then allow for the exploration of the outer space and the conditions that favor life there (Wills & Wills, 2001). This creates doubts as to the hope that there will be discovery of life in the universe in the near future.
On the same note, there have been fundamental developments in the world of planets that have cast doubts as to any discovery about life in the universe. Until recently, scientists had only identified nine planets including Pluto, which was later downgraded from this status. However, there were discoveries of other planets that orbit other sun-like stars. Of course, this bred the knowledge about other planets’ existence (Anderson, 2013). It is worth noting that nearly 800 other planets have been found since 1995 with the numbers growing every week. Scientists opine that about half of all stars have planets, with the planets outnumbering the Milky Way’s 200 billion stars (Seeds & Backman, 2011). There is no knowledge about how these worlds look like planet earth as the numbers run into millions and possibly billions (Anderson, 2013). This not only adds to the volumes of planets that must be examined to discover life but also makes it more complicated to know the fundamentals of life. Needless to say, if the fundamentals are different in varied places of planet earth, it is only logical to assume that they would be different between planet earth and other planets (Anderson, 2013). Unfortunately, the same paradigms used in looking for life in these areas cannot be entirely accurate as they have been found flawed even in planet earth.
In conclusion, scientists have been fascinated and extremely interested in discovery of life, its nature and every aspect of it. As much as there are fundamental strides made in this respect, there is no indication that such a thing will be accomplished in my lifetime. This is especially considering that scientists have yet to determine what they should look for in planet earth and other planets. Their knowledge as to what the essentials of life are has been discredited by new discoveries. In addition, there have been new planets discovered in the recent times, which increases their volume of work. Despite technological advances, scientists are basing their experiments on hopes and aspersions especially with regard to determining whether extraterrestrial organisms are trying to create contact or send messages to planet earth.
Lynch, R.C., King, A.J., Farías, M.E., Sowell, P., Vitry, C & Schmidt, S.K (2012). The potential for microbial life in the highest elevation (>6000 m.a.s.l.) mineral soils of the Atacama region. Journal of Geophysical Research. Excerpt in Article “Unique Microbes Found in Extreme Environment”. Science Daily. Retrieved 31st March 2013 from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120609152438.htm
Karttunen, H. (2007). Fundamental astronomy. Berlin: Springer.
Seeds, M. A., & Backman, D. E. (2011). Foundations of astronomy. Boston, MA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning.
Wills, S., & Wills, S. R. (2001). Astronomy: Looking at the stars. Minneapolis, MN: Oliver Press.
Anderson, M. (2013). Pioneers in astronomy and space exploration. Chicago: Britannica Educational Pub.
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Maintaining Your Air Conditioning Keller to Get Returns
Regular service to your air conditioning Keller is the best thing to do on your appliance because it will serve you better. You sure make sure that your machines are working well for a good working one will give you much service. You sure make sure that your machines are working well for a good working one will give you much service. Your AC should be well maintained so as to have quality work.
Do regular check up on the machine to see if everything is in order. If something is missing, you should service it immediately to avoid total damage, saving you time and money. Your equipment will last for long if only you can take care of it.[G1]
During the hot season, you are likely to get much heat, and without a good working AC you will not enjoy the day. Living in a place with extreme weather will make your life hard because you want some fresh air, and maybe your equipment is not working. Always make sure that you call the professionals in [G2] this job that will make it their job to fix it and you will enjoy your day.
Always repair your equipment way before it damages the whole area. They say prevention is better than cure, and that is why you should call the experts if you notice something is not working like the pump or the belt. Early maintenance will save you time and money because you do not have to buy the whole equipment.[G3]
Good working equipment is the one that has no blockage in it and free from dirt. Dust or dirt is very harmful especially to those people who are allergic or asthmatic people. If well maintained, you should be able to have good ventilation, and you will escape many health hazards.[G11]
Before hiring the professionals to do the job, you should inspect where the problem is so it can be easier and time saving for you. Every machine comes with a unique code which will be required upon calling them because they need to know what type of equipment there are coming to service. This will help the experts to give you the estimate of how much money and spare parts you will use.
Using the services of the air conditioning Keller will make sure your AC is working well because they have the best qualification and equipment which they will use to repair your machine. Make sure that the authority legally recognizes the expert. This will help you in case they damage your device it will be easy to be compensated.
How to Take Care of Your Air Conditioning Keller
You AC system require consistent care so that it is able to function effectively. Air conditioning Keller requires maintenance, it is essential for temperature regulations within the house or the office to have a proper functioning system. This usually requires regular checks that facilitate proper function ability of the system. Quality service in this machine is required due to the following reasons.
You do not want to keep going to the mall for new machine purchase since you were unable to maintain your previous machines. The time you are able to carry out checks on pump and the belts to see if they are won out on regular basis. The machine is able to function properly for a longer time hence saving you cash.
To have comfortable atmosphere in the house during extreme weather conditions you need to have this machines working properly. It is very uncomfortable when the machine develops malfunctions during this time. The good news is that when these experts are contacted they are able to come up with appropriate solutions by changing of spare parts that might have developed a problem.
Servicing done on regular basis assists in cutting the cost for repairs that may occur and end up being way expensive. This is because servicing assists in knowing the problem before it usually happens. In other cases the damages may be so bad that they are beyond repair that they necessitate one to acquire a new set of equipment. It is always good to remember that a stitch in time saves nine.
When unit function ability is good it usually have a very low consumption of energy unlike the one which has a tendency of breaking down now and then. It is good to have this machines properly maintained on regular basis so that you do not end up using a lot of cash on bills. The servicing that you have to carry out on regular basis entails pumps and belt repairs.
To be able to know the number of repair jobs carried out on the machine the model number can be of great assistance. By knowing the estimates of the repairs costs required on the machine will assist you to save. This will assist you in quotations comparison and you will be able to get an expert who is able to offer excellent services at an affordable price.
The experts should have the right training in this area so that they can be able to offer excellent services to you. They should also have a policy cover such that if damages are caused on your machine during repair you can be compensated. Air conditioning Keller is able to know the problem the AC system is having since they have equipments that assist them in carrying out this job.
Maintaining Your Air Conditioning Keller to Get Benefits
Maintaining your air conditioning Keller is an important job that must be done after a short time for clients to continue getting essential services. If you take good care of your home system, you will get advantages that ensure you save time and resources. The routine service of the AC machines makes the system to run efficiently and take less time when performing. Here are some reasons why you need quality services.
The first benefit you get when you decide to carry out these jobs is for the machine to work longer. Servicing the system regularly makes the life of your machine longer since you prevent breakdowns. Check the pump for any wear, check the belts and any part that helps to run the system efficiently.
The overall benefit of using an expert to fix any breakdown in your machine involves getting or improving quality of air. If your machine filters are clogged and have dirty components, you will end up having poor quality air. This causes allergic reactions and problems in breathing. Maintaining the system gives people good air circulating inside their rooms.
The air conditioning Keller experts come with skills and tools to diagnose the problem, and then make the best repairs. You will get this benefit if you work with a licensed vendor who has the training and tools to finish the job. Before they start working, ask them to give you the guarantee such that when something happens they make the repairs free of charge.
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First, you will use the topic you selected in the Week 1 Standard Form Arguments discussion forum.
Topic: Does the use of social media tend to improve or harm relationships?
For this assignment, you will present and evaluate reasoning from scholarly sources on both sides of your topic. For an example of how to complete this paper, take a look at the Week Three Example Paper Download Week Three Example Paper. Conduct research from scholarly sources on each side of your issue. The UAGC library features research TutorialsLinks to an external site., which offer videos on getting started, understanding the research process, vetting scholarly and popular resources, and providing instruction on how to read a scholarly article. Write a paper that includes the following: Introduction (approximately 100 words)
Explain your topic and state the specific question that you are addressing.
Presentation of an Argument (approximately 200 words)
Describe the scholarly source on one side of the issue.
Present what you see as the main argument from that source (present the argument in standard form, with the premises listed above the conclusion).
Evaluation of the quality of the reasoning in this source (approximately 200 words) You may address questions such as the following:
How adequately does the article support the premises of the argument?
How strongly do the premises of the argument support the truth of the conclusion?
What (if any) missing premises would be needed to complete the argument (make it valid/strong)? Are these missing premises justified or merely assumptions?
Presentation of an Opposing Argument (approximately 200 words)
Describe the scholarly source on the other side of the issue.
Present what you see as the main argument from that source in standard form, with the premises listed above the conclusion.
Evaluation of the quality of the reasoning in this source (approximately 200 words) You may address questions such as the following:
How adequately does the article support the premises of the argument?
How strongly do the premises of the argument support the truth of the conclusion?
What (if any) missing premises would be needed to complete the argument (make it valid/strong)? Are these missing premises justified or merely assumptions?
Evaluation of Arguments in Non-Scholarly and Scholarly Sources (approximately 100 words)
Discuss the differences in the quality of the reasoning or in the degree of support for premises in these scholarly sources contrasted with non-scholarly sources.
Week 7 Case Study Paper • A thorough understanding of the topic • A critical assessment of all questions • At least two differential diagnoses, if applicable • At least two pharmacologic treatment modalities, if applicable • A well-developed treatment plans • A thorough patient education plan The body of your paper needs to be 3-4 pages long. This does NOT include the title page and reference page. Papers that are more than 4 pages long will not be accepted. You must reference a minimum of two scholarly sources in your paper. Use the current APA format to style your paper and to cite your sources. NURS_664A_DE – Case Study Paper Rubric NURS_664A_DE – Case Study Paper Rubric Criteria Ratings Pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Case Review 22 to >20.24 pts Accomplished Demonstrates a sophisticated understanding of the topic(s) and issue(s). Provides a rich and detailed explanation to the questions. Description leaves the reader with a “holistic” picture of the patient’s history, diagnosis, management, treatment, and/or education. 22 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Analysis of Findings 28 to >25.76 pts Accomplished Provides an in- depth, critical analysis of case study activity findings together with appropriate literature. Student insightfully and appropriately connects findings to specific clinical concepts, using carefully selected quotes, principles, and/or theories cited from course readings. 28 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Application and Evaluation 28 to >25.76 pts Accomplished Consistently Illuminates knowledge and insights to be gained from case study. Discusses specific ways reader can use “lessons learned” in future clinical practices, outlining specific concrete action steps he/she recommends. 28 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Organization 20 to >18.4 pts Accomplished Presents ideas thoughtfully and in-depth. Ideas are coherently and logically organized. It has an effective writing style, marked by language that is free from errors in mechanics, usage, and sentence structure. 20 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Evidencebased Research 20 to >18.4 pts Accomplished Supplements case study with relevant and appropriate research into the present case study; clearly and thoroughly documents all sources of information. 20 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome APA and Mechanics 22 to >20.24 pts Accomplished The assignment consistently follows the current APA format and is free from errors in formatting, citation, and references. No grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors. All sources are cited and referenced correctly. 22 pts Total Points: 140 Case Study Option #2: STI Maria is a 46-year-old Hispanic female who comes to your clinic complaining of a lesion in her vaginal area that she recently noticed while bathing. Maria came to the U.S. from Mexico over 10 years ago, but her husband was not able to join her until just two months ago. Maria reports she abstained from sexual activity during the years she was separated from her husband and is not aware of any sexual activity on the part of her husband. Maria and her husband have been sexually active since his arrival in the U.S. two months ago. Maria reports she has not been to a health care provider while in the United States because she has no insurance coverage. She has no medical records and has not had any screenings or well-woman exam visits for over a decade. Maria has three healthy, grown children all delivered vaginally without pregnancy or delivery complications. Her mother is 62, lives in Mexico, and suffers from diabetes and hypertension. Her father died from colon cancer at age 55. Maria’s LMP was one week ago, and all of her VS are WNL. Upon PE, you note a lesion on the left labia minora that has the appearance of a chance, and you note that it is not painful to Maria when touched.
What are your presumptive and differential diagnoses?
What screening and/or diagnostic tests will you perform/order to ascertain the correct diagnosis and what current screenings will you recommend in adherence to evidence-based guidelines?
What is pathophysiology? Describe all stages, modes of transmission, any incubation periods.
What is the evidence-based treatment guidelines for this diagnosis?
How will you explain this diagnosis and plan of care to Maria?
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In this reflection paper, I would like you to consider the institution of education through the lens of critical consciousness theory. Please consider the talk by the speaker, Anindya Kundu, the data offered National Center of Education Statistics (2018; data will be discussed in class) when answering the questions below. You will also reference the assigned article by Jemal (2017) and the talk by the speaker Gerardo Calderon.
Describe your experience with the education system. This perspective will help you identify your positionality (i.e. the lens through which you have observed education) For example, describe the way in which your school experience was empowering and/or oppressive.
How might we evaluate the public education system through the lens of transformative consciousness and transformative action? Is it worth the look?
Describe the social problems that the current education system is perpetuating.
How do we know that the system, in the current form is perpetuating social problems?
Offer an example of a transformative critical action in the context of your experiential learning site.
*See the rubric for formatting, completeness, and organization guidelines. Please reference all of the materials mentioned above, including Jemal (2017).
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Ralph and Alice have decided to incorporate their sewer cleaning business under the name R & A, Inc. Their plans call for the authorization and issuance of 5,000 shares of a par value stock. Ralph argues that par value must be set at the estimated market value of the stock, while Alice feels that par value is the equivalent of book value—that is, assets divided by the number of shares. Who is correct? Why?
In Exercise 1, Ralph feels that R & A should have an IPO of 1 million shares of common stock to be sold on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). What are the pros and cons of conducting an IPO?
Assume that Ralph and Alice decide to issue preferred stock. What does this entail from R & A’s standpoint? From the standpoint of a preferred stock purchaser?
Alice changes her mind and wants to sell bonds in R & A. What are the pros and cons of selling bonds?
Assume that Ralph and Alice go on to consider options other than financing through an IPO or the sale of bonds. They want to raise $5 million to run their business, purchase a building, and acquire machines to clean sewers. What are some other options Ralph and Alice should consider? What would you suggest they do? Would your suggestion differ if Ralph and Alice wanted to raise $500 million? $50,000?
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Based on the Read items thus far, you can see that acronyms abound. What do CARVER, CPTED, SVA, NIPP, and CIKR mean? Be sure to briefly discuss each. Find at least 1 extra acronym you would like to share. Next, what is the purpose of a Security Vulnerability Analysis (SVA)? Explain how one (SVA) works.
What do CARVER, CPTED, SVA, NIPP, and CIKR mean?
The thread must be a minimum of 500-750 words. MINIMUM OF TWO SOURCES BESIDES THE TEXTBOOK. Must cite at least 2 sources in addition to the Bible.
TEXTBOOK: Bennett, B. T. (2018). Understanding, assessing, and responding to terrorism:Protecting critical infrastructure and personnel (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN: 9781119237785.
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