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A Critical Analysis on the Development Trends of the Management of Hospitality

Posted on December 2, 2022 | by Simon KN

A Critical Analysis on the Development Trends of the Management of Hospitality

Background Information

The field of hospitality management is diverse. It has got both academic and professional connotations. From an academic standpoint it entails the study of the proper ways of managing the hospitality industry, while from a professional standpoint it comprises of all efforts geared towards the management of all hospitality industry institutions such as hotels, tour and travel agencies, etc. In this regard, it can be argued that hospitality management begins right at the school level and proceeds into the active professional practice (Singh, 2000).

Ideally, the hospitality industry comprises a vast network of services. For instance, when persons travel to new places, book hotels, eat out in restaurants, watch movies, visit cultural sites, and engage in other leisure activities they are patronizing various institutions forming the broad hospitality industry (Talwar, 2006). In this regard, managers of these institutions need to be well aware of their duties as well as the expectations of their clientele so as to accord them the optimum hospitality. For instance, they (managers) should be experienced enough so as to comfortably accommodate any known and unknown managerial challenges that may crop up (Boella & Goss-Turner, 2005).

To achieve these seemingly complex feats the realm of hospitality management has undergone phenomenal developments over the years. When looking at hospitality management from an international standpoint many aspects emerge as may be determined by a number of factors such as, disposable income, assess to credit facilities, availability of leisure time, varying cultural needs and most importantly the urge to preserve unique cultural practices while still embracing globalization and integration (Talwar, 2006).

Studies that have addressed the Topic

Boella and Goss-Turner (2005) asserts that the management of the hospitality industry and/or institutions encompasses several chains of personalities. Over the years these salient management areas have experienced significant developments as institutions have struggled to remain competitive and hospitable (Andal-Ancion, 2003). Perhaps in trying to conceptualize some of these development trends in the management of hospitality it is wise to perceive a hospitality institution as a conventional business entity, say a beef factory. Under normal circumstances, business entities are expected to generate profit, hospitality institutions are also expected to make profit. Though hospitality institutions are meant to provide leisure-based services to their patrons, it is wise to assert that they can only be in position to achieve this feat if they are making profit.

As such therefore, one of the most phenomenal development trends in the management of hospitality institutions and/or industry is sales and marketing. Other salient development trends may be indentified from the realms of human resources, finance, risk mitigation, conservation of the environment, renovation of old captivating sites, and launching of new products among many other areas. Tellingly, these development trends have been taking place within Boella and Goss-Turner (2005) five-point job description framework whose central premise is that, development trends in the hospitality industry should be in harmony with the customer’s, society’s, colleagues’, employer’s and employee’s expectations (p.40).

The realm of event management entails the active utilization of project management skills. Over the years, the number of events falling under the hospitality industry has continued to increase. Cultural festivals, conferences, sports meetings, as well as musical events are some of these events that continue to draw large numbers of leisure enthusiasts. Tellingly, as Ramsborg et al (2008) assert, these large number of attendees have been occasioned by a range of factors which include but not limited to the following, wide-reaching and convincing marketing gimmicks, proper financial management measures, sound human resources management measures, sound product development strategies, and most importantly, sound operations management practices.

Hotels management is one of the critical facets of hospitality management. Over the years various cadres of hotels have sprouted courtesy of the new services which have been launched to carter for the diverse and highly dynamic leisure enthusiasts tastes. Today hotel management encompasses the realms of food and beverages, accommodation, conferencing, as well as indoor sporting activities. Basically, depending on the nature and scope of services accorded to clients, the following hotels cadres can easily be identified: full service, full service upscale, select service, extended stay, as well as limited service. Needless to say, these diverse services needs to be properly managed so as to enhance efficiency, as such therefore, persons occupying management position in contemporary hotels need to be academically and professionally competent (Singh, 2000).

The management of tour and travel agencies has undergone a rapid transformation. Ideally, this has made such agencies to move from the traditional businesses that merely sold transport related services to clients to more vibrant and integrated hospitality institutions. Initially, most travel agencies used to operate under large travel entities such as airlines and hotels. They used to make profit through commission given by these large hospitality institutions, however, with the advent of the internet; travel agencies have been forced to venture into other transport related services so as to remain relevant. Today, many travel agencies provide diverse range of services which include cruise vacations bookings, the provision of general tour and travel information as well as the provision of traditional transport services (Andal-Ancion, 2003).

Theme park managers have found themselves faced by new management challenges occasioned by the rapidly changing clientele demands. Technically, theme park managers are entrusted with the main duty of ensuring that proper business strategies are constantly formulated and implemented so as to ensure large numbers of leisure enthusiast throughout the year. Contemporary theme parks managers have been transformed from mere supervisors of employees tasked with cleaning and trimming overgrown bushes and lawns to active team leaders who carryout financial, technical, operational tasks related to organizing of recreational events, travel bookings, as well as the integration with other hospitality institutions (Woodside & Martin, 2007).

Scope of the Study

This study scope will be narrow by fair terms. Precisely, the study will narrow down its scope on four hospitality industry institutions – hotels, travel agencies, theme parks and event organizing firms. In each of these four core hospitality institutions the study will seek to extract critical information pertaining to the development trends that has since been witnessed in the realm of management of hospitality. The trends will oscillate within the following core areas: Dynamics of international tourism and hospitality; international tourism marketing; human resource management in organisations; managing tourism and hospitality among small medium enterprises; international hospitality case studies; decision making for managers; event management; and ethical dimensions of tourism. Even so, it is wise to point out that only information touching on the way managers in the hospitality industry go about serving their clientele while still maintaining good rapport with their employees as well the members of the public on one hand, and keeping at bay fierce competition from their rivals on the other.

Aims and Objectives

The core aim of this research study is to “carryout a comprehensive analysis of the development trends made thereof in the field of the hospitality management.” From this core aim the following objectives can be drawn out. To find out the:

Nature and scope of hospitality industry vis-à-vis the prevailing leisure demands.
Salient development trends registered among the four selected hospitality institutions.
Forces behind these development trends.
Impacts of such development trends on the four hospitality institutions.
The future of management of hospitality in the face of the contemporary challenges.
Impact of academic and/or professional training on developments trends registered in the management of the four selected hospitality institutions.

Methodology

Research Design

The realm of hospitality management falls within the social sciences domain. As such therefore, the study requires an appropriate research design capable of extracting the maximum amount of information from the respondents and the processing of such information in the most efficient yet simple methods. To this end, an exploratory qualitative research methodology will be the most appropriate as it is capable of the respondents’ perceptions of the development trends made in the realm of management of hospitality. Drawing on Creswell (2003) opinions on various research methods for tackling social phenomena it can be wisely asserted that a qualitative research design offers the best option for examining how various hospitality industry stakeholders perceive of the development trends that have since taken place within the industry.

Sampling

The study population will be practicing managers of at least four hospitality industry institutions (hotels, transportation agencies, event organizing firms, and theme parks). To enhance fair representation of the target demographic, these institutions will be distributed within a 100 square miles area in California, US. In arriving at the sample, the researcher will identify at least five entities in each institutional category, that is, five hotels, five event organizing firms, five transportation agencies, and five theme parks. From each of these four sets of institutions, the researcher will randomly select two managers to make up a total of 40 participants.

As hinted only 40 managers from this study area will be considered for the study. This will be done in accordance with Ader, Mellenbergh, and Hand (2008) opinions on the ideal size of study sample. Tellingly, these authors hold that a study sample should not be too big neither should it be too small. Selecting mangers based on the length of their service will ensure that the number of potential participants is narrowed down while at the same time enhancing the quality of information to be collected. In this regard, the researcher will rely on the willingness of the managers to take part in the study.

The researcher will rely on the up-to-date employee inventory in each of the institutions sampled. From this employee inventory, the researcher will then single out managers with at least five years of working experience and list them in a list, for each entity, for example, five lists in the case of hotels. The researcher will then prepare consent request letters for participation and dispatch them to the identified mangers through the post office. A response form and an open “postage-paid” envelope will accompany these letters to ensure guaranteed response. The managers will be given at least one week to return the consent forms.

After studying the responses, the researcher will prepare 20 lists of managers willing to participate in the study. Each list will be numbered from number 1 to say, 20 in an alphabetical order. Then while utilizing a random number generator, the researcher will select 2 numbers from the alphabetically listed names. The names represented by these two numbers will form the study sample (Bartlett, Kotrlik, & Higgins, 2001).

Data Collection

The study will rely on primary data collected using interviews. These interviews will be structured according to the questioning techniques offered by Creswell (2003) so as to capture as much information as possible. In this regard, both open and closed questions will be used. In addition, some interview questions will include mini-questions (follow-up questions) so as to enhance depth of the information collected.

The interviews will be conducted on a face-to-face basis within the institutions so as not to interrupt the participants work schedules. Even so, to enhance participation the managers will be given the opportunity to choose the venues most convenient to them Creswell, 2003).

Data Analysis

Due to the complex nature of the proposed topic, data collected through the structured interviews will be analyzed using the coding and memoing method. This method will enhance accurateness and preciseness is enhanced throughout the process of analyzing and drawing meaning from the data (Birks, Chapman, & Francis, 2008).

This data analysis method draws its impetus from Patton (2002) who opines that coding and memoing process entail singling out key themes from the raw data. In this regard, the raw data will be scrutinized then basing on the research problem, the researcher will closely study the information so as to identify all the salient development trends witnessed in management of hospitality realm. Then while employing the services of a transcribing machine, the researcher will prepare short notes representing these salient development trends (Reiss & Judd, 2000). The transcribed data will be further scrutinized and then coded into short meaningful units. Lastly, the coded information will be taken through an ad hoc process that will involve the filling of frequency tables and graphs (Birks, Chapman, & Francis, 2008).

Study Limitations

Given the complex nature of this study topic it is expected that the study will engage a relatively large number of participants from a wide geographic area perhaps in all the US states. However, due to limitations of resources the study sample will only comprise of 40 participants selected from hospitality institutions spread across the state of California. This is by fair terms a significant weakness given that the few managers (40) may not hold similar perceptions on the development trends on the contemporary hospitality industry across the globe. Future studies should engage a larger and sample so as to enhance the validity of the collected and analyzed data.

Main Tasks and Timescale – Chart

No.	Date	Task
1.	Jan 31, 2011- XXXX	General preparation – reading of relevant literature.
2.	XXXX – XXXX	Sampling
3.	XXXX – XXXX	Fieldwork – collection of data using interviews.
4.	XXXX – XXXX	Analysis of data
5.	XXXX – XXXX	Interpretation of data
6.	XXXX – XXXX	Preparation of the dissertation manuscript
7.	XXXX – XXXX	Preparation of the dissertation fair copy
8.	XXXX – XXXX	Submission of the completed dissertation

References

Ader, H. J., Mellenbergh, G. J., & Hand, D. J. (2008). Advising on research methods: A consultant’s companion. Huizen, The Netherlands: Johannes van Kessel Publishing.

Andal-Ancion, A.,Cartwright, P.A. & Yip, G.S. (June 2003). The digital transformation of traditional business. Cambridge, MA: MIT Sloan Management Review. 44(4); 34–41.

Bartlett, J. E., II, Kotrlik, J. W., & Higgins, C. (2001). Organizational research: Determining appropriate sample size for survey research. Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, 19(1) 43–50.

Birks, M., Chapman, Y. & Francis, K. (2008). Memoing in qualitative research: Probing data and processes. Journal of Research in Nursing, 13(1); 68-75.

Boella, M.J. & Goss-Turner, S. (2005). Human resource management in the hospitality industry: an introductory guide. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann.

Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA” Sage.

Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative evaluation and research methods. Newberry Park, CA, Sage Publications.

Ramsborg, G.C. et al (2008). Professional meeting management: Comprehensive strategies for meetings, conventions and events, (5th Ed.). Kendall/Hunt Publishing, Dubuque, Iowa.

Reiss, H.T. & Judd, C.M. (2000). Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology. Cambridge University Press.

Singh, R. (2000). Hotel and Hospitality Management (management, Tourism). India: Kalpaz publications.

Talwar, P. (Ed.) (2006). Hotel and hospitality management: Housekeeping. India: Isha Books.

Woodside, A.G. & Martin, D. (ed.) (2007). Tourism management: analysis, behaviour and strategy. CAB International.

FINANCE410 Orange Coast Bahrain Current Economic Trends Term Paper

Posted on November 3, 2022 | by Simon KN

Term Paper: An Investor’s Guide to Measuring Risk

Country: Bahrain

Sample paper attached

OBJECTIVE

Whether you are a portfolio manager investing internationally in stocks and bonds or working for a business seeking to develop a multinational presence through foreign direct investment or greater diversification of revenue sources, business decision making in the 21st century requires an understanding of the risks associated with deploying funds abroad. In this project, you will assess international risk by choosing a particular country to follow throughout the quarter and developing a dossier on that country. Your dossier will include an assessment of the macroeconomic environment and policies related to exchange rates and capital flows, a discussion of institutional factors (legal, political, cultural, and social structures) that might influence decisions to invest capital in this country, and an assessment of how current news (that occurring over the next 10 weeks) affects your risk assessment. In choosing a country to study, you might consider one that, a priori, has some elevated level of risk for investors. If you need help thinking about this criterion, please see me in office hours or look ahead to Part IIA of the exercise and use the information on crises to help you select a country that has experienced financial and economic turmoil (although most do!). Please read all parts of this assignment for two reasons: (1) as described in part II, you will need to begin collecting any news articles that might change your assessment of risk and (2) you will need to manage your time wisely to meet the deadlines.

Part I: Assessing the Macroeconomic Environment (Due October 3th)

(40% of paper’s grade)

(Upload via Blackboard)

A. Data Collection and Interpretation

Go to the OECD’s World Economic Data base:

https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/index.aspx

Choose your country from the database and proceed to select the indicators described in the next sentence by for the period 2005 – 2019 as well as future projections (some may go through 2023 or 2024). Find, or in some cases, tabulate the percentage change in real GDP, the inflation rate, the output gap, the unemployment rate, the structural budget deficit or surplus as a percent of GDP, and the current account balance as a percent of GDP. To help you interpret the data, which you will write about below, create bar diagrams or time-series plots of these measures, and include them at the back of your dossier (refer to them in the text by providing each figure with a number, i.e. Figure 1).

In section I of your dossier, entitled “Current Economic Trends,” describe the trends – past, present, and (plausible) future – of these key variables. What do you observe in the data? Are the measures rising or falling? Based on your understanding of macroeconomics, what do these suggest to you about the fiscal health of the country, the growth prospects, etc. Make sure to provide some analysis along these lines based on the indicators you have chosen. If any data were missing for your particular country, make sure to include a footnote indicating this.

Now visit Oanda’s website and use their currency graphing tool at http://www.oanda.com/currency/graph or FRED at https://fred.stlouisfed.org

to plot the exchange rate vis-à-vis the dollar for the last two years and add this picture to your dossier (take a screen shot or make a pdf of this and import it into your report as a figure attached to the back of the paper). Make a judgment as to whether this currency is fixed (peg or band) or floating based on what you observe. Do you detect any trend relative to the dollar? Now play around with longer periods. Do you see any trends? If so, create another plot and describe it. Has the degree of fixity changed over longer time periods? Now visit the IMF’s website https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/nft/2013/areaers/ar2013.pdf and locate the latest classification (2013) of the de facto exchange regimes in all countries around the world. Does your regime assessment agree with theirs for the period in which you plotted the most recent data? Discuss. If your country is listed in the Big Mac Index, http://www.economist.com/content/big-mac-index what does it tell you about whether your currency is under or overvalued in the long run? Label this section of your discussion “Exchange Rate Dynamics.”

See what you can find out about the major imports and exports of this economy by going to the homepage of the International Trade Center and selecting your country: http://www.intracen.org/itc/market-info-tools/trade-statistics/ Make a bar graph showing the shares (percentages) of the 10 leading imports and exports for this economy. Are there any changes in the global prices of the goods in which they export or import that might affect your assessment of risk? Based on these data, describe what kinds of shocks to trade might hurt this country’s current account? Can you find out anything about trends in tariff rates or other forms of non-tariff protection? You may have to dig more broadly online for this, and perhaps visit the website of the WTO (World Trade Organization). Is your country a member of WTO? Using other data available on this site for FDI (foreign direct investment), calculate the share of FDI as a percent of GDP (where the correct nominal GDP data will come from the IMF website you visited earlier). What are the major categories of FDI for this country? Write a description of the trends in FDI. Can you find out any information about short-term capital flows? Are they denominated in foreign or domestic currency? How big are they relative to the size of all capital flows, FDI, or GDP? Label this discussion “Balance of Payments.”

Finally, discuss how you might improve your ability to assess risk for this country based on this information. That is, is there anything else the assignment could have asked to allow you to understand whether this would be a risky country in which to transact?

B. Assessment

After collecting this information and writing up your results, submit your paper to Blackboard by the due date mentioned above. Once all papers are submitted, you will be assigned a classmate for peer assessment. Your job is now to analyze the report and assess its strengths and weaknesses, following a rubric. Please make general comments about where the analysis needs clarification or correction. After you have examined your peer’s dossier, write a paragraph describing (1) what you learned from reading it and (2) what you feel you would like more information in order to form a judgment about risk (this will help your peer with part 2). Finally, if you feel there are any, describe any trends or make any relevant observations that were not spotted by the author.

Part II: Institutions and Political Risk

(60% of paper’s grade)

(Uploaded via Blackboard)

As we will discuss in class, foreign exchange traders try to forecast the exchange rate. In this project, we are, in part, exploring how this is done. We are also learning how markets assess country-specific risk and use it to price assets, like bonds issued by governments (i.e., sovereign bonds) and corporations.

Objective:

Thus far, we have focused on developing an overview of the macroeconomic environment to think about “fundamentals.” Changes in GDP, interest rates, and inflation rates are key components of many bond traders and FX traders’ forecasts. In this section, we begin to explore other factors, some of which create an “environment” for investment; that is, they help foreign investors understand how difficult it is to set up a company or carry out portfolio investment. Included in the investment environment are political factors, such as governmental stability, protection of property rights, corruption, etc. Factors that influence this “political risk” or “country-specific risk” can vary enormously across countries and over time, and thus account for much of the cross-country variation we see in interest rates by borrowers in different countries. In this part of your dossier, you will gather information about some of the most widely tracked political and institutional factors.

A. Historical Information

We begin with an exploration of a country’s borrowing history. The past can give us insight into how credible political regimes are in keeping their promises. We would like to learn whether a country has experienced any severe crises, be they domestic-debt crises, sovereign-debt crises, high-inflation episodes, or banking crises. Use the text and data tables found in Reinhart and Rogoff, (especially tables 3-7, 9, 11-13 A2, and A3) as a starting point to identify crisis episodes: http://www.nber.org/papers/w13882.pdf

You can also visit their database: http://www.reinhartandrogoff.com/data/

Create a data table (if there are multiple crises), listing the chronology and types of crises and discuss how the episodes might influence investors’ decisions to invest. If the crisis episodes for your country are discussed therein, then include some insights (citing references appropriately). If not, then use the web to find out more about the particular episodes now that you have identified the dates. Please use the following questions to help you write up this part of your risk assessment:

Has the monetary policy of the country been run in a credible fashion? That is, do they print too much money; do politicians fire their central bankers often or are they insulated from this?
Has the fiscal policy been carried out in a sustainable fashion?
Are there any characteristics, institutional or otherwise, that seem to make this country crisis prone or more “immune” to crises?
What is the history of repayment of debt? What do you think the likelihood of reneging on a promise to pay is in the future?

B. Quality of Institutions

We next consider the institutional environment of conducting business or investing in a country. Use the World Bank’s “doing business survey” found at: http://www.doingbusiness.org/rankings

What variables make up these rankings? How are they determined? You will need to look at the methodology link to answer this?
How would investors use them to assess risk?
How does your country perform? Does it score high in some areas and low in others?
Have its values changed recently?
What do you take away from this if you were assessing risk?

Now examine the World Bank’s Governance Indicators data set listed here (click on Excel download for rankings file).

http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#home

How are the rankings determined? You may need to read some about the methodology to adequately carry this out. (Please consult the referenced working paper on the website.)
There are six measures (rule of law, voice and accountability, etc.) Plot these six measures on a single graph since 2000 and describe any trends you see for your country. How stable are they?
What do you think these variables tell us about a country and investor risk? Explain why or why not they contribute to an environment that contributes to long-term investment in a country.
How might changes in current geopolitics influence some of these rankings, if any?

C. Contemporary Affairs

From now, until the last week of class, collect news articles that tell us about the current political and economic environment of the country. Summarize your findings and relate them to risk assessment, drawing on the following questions to frame your thinking:

What are the main factors presently affecting the outlook of this country? What does the news tell you about the political situation, the economic situation, etc.?
Has the political regime changed recently? Does it change frequently? How would these changes affect investor sentiment?
Are there any global changes in politics or economics that are particularly important for us to understand the environment for risk.
Make sure to provide proper citations in your references list or in footnotes.

III. Overall Assessment

(Included as part of Part II’s 60%)

Based on your understanding of the history, institutions, macroeconomic environment, and recent news of your country, form an assessment of how exchange rates and country risk on foreign-denominated debt issued by this country will move in the near future. Support your analysis with the information you have obtained in Parts 1 & 2 of this project. That is, you should use this section to pull together the main “drivers” of risk based on your understanding. You ought to leave yourself sufficient time to do so by developing Section II information in advance of the last two weeks of the class.

In your final document or dossier, make sure to include your original macro assessment. This should be updated to take into account any feedback you received from your peer review. All parts of your final analysis should be labeled appropriately so what you turn in is easy to follow.

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The post FINANCE410 Orange Coast Bahrain Current Economic Trends Term Paper appeared first on Top Premier Essays.

Explain how the problem relates to business social or political trends by presenting data that demonstrates the scope and depth of the problem.

Posted on April 5, 2022 | by Simon KN

Your current employer has employed you for seven years as an Assistant Hospital Administrator. However, the company has noticed your sharp business acumen and dedication to service excellence. Therefore, they have offered you a promotion and relocation package to become the Senior Hospital Administrator of the new Jacob’s Hospital Wing for long term and elderly care, located in Venice, Florida.

Your responsibilities will be to manage the Wing. Your job as Senior Hospital Administrator is to oversee all aspects of healthcare administration.

formatted business summary that you will present to the Jacob board updating them on the choices you are making for the new wing. Make sure to properly cite all sources and resources. In your business summary, you will discuss each item below:

In your report, you must do the following:

Prepare an introduction that describes your healthcare philosophy.

Develop an organizational chart that details your staffing needs, including titles, duties, and intended salary information based on industry standards.

Present persuasive arguments why the problem is important enough to study.

Expand your argument to a system level.

Explain how the problem relates to business, social, or political trends by presenting data that demonstrates the scope and depth of the problem

Include departments of accounting/finance, Public Health Officer/Liaison, among any other necessary medical staff.

Research existing legal medical contracts (ex. HIPAA, etc.) and create sample contracts. Be sure to differentiate between contracts, especially if your employees need to sign one and your patients to sign a different version.

Discuss the legal healthcare issues in Florida and comment on any potential confidential information leak liability.

Discuss any obstacles that you encountered in your research and elaborate on how you overcame them.

Research, identify, and discuss at least 2 emerging trends or legal issues involving cyber law or Internet law.

Posted on September 28, 2021 | by Simon KN

Research, identify, and discuss at least 2 emerging trends or legal issues involving cyber law or Internet law..

The director of your department has requested that you conduct some research on the topic of cyber law or Internet law. He has asked you to draft a memo including the following information:
Research, identify, and discuss at least 2 emerging trends or legal issues involving cyber law or Internet law. Examples could include but are not limited to the following topics: e-contracts e-signatures cyber torts use of social networking for advertising social networking and employee restraints identify theft cyberstalking Include good research and references to discuss the cyber law issues identified. Research, identify, and summarize a specific legal case involving a cyber law issue. The summary should include a good description of the facts of the case and the outcome (court’s ruling) of the case. Provide your opinion on the outcome of the case. Do you agree with the court’s ruling, or do you feel that a different outcome would have been more justified? Why or why not? Include all appropriate APA citations and references.

Research, identify, and discuss at least 2 emerging trends or legal issues involving cyber law or Internet law.

Discuss two trends of increased cyber victimization.

Posted on September 26, 2021 | by Simon KN

Discuss two trends of increased cyber victimization..

*All essay responses must be a minimum of 200 words, not counting references listed at the end or repeating of the question, and cited per APA guidelines. A minimum of two scholarly resources is required to support your response. There must be a minimum of 3 in text citations cited properly.
Course Text Book is Taylor, R. W., Fritsch, E. J., & Liederbach, J. (2015). Digital crime and digital terrorism (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
1. Discuss two threats of the information age. Discuss at least one specific example of each.
2. Define, discuss, and provide a detailed dialogue of an example for each of the following: information warfare, cyberterrorism, and cybercrime.
3. Discuss the four categories of computer crimes. Provide a specific example of each.
4. Discuss two trends of increased cyber victimization.
5. Discuss two specific instances of information attacks over the past ten years. How could they have been prevented?
6. Briefly explain choice theory and routine activities theory and the relevance to digital crime.
7. What is the difference between cybercriminals and hackers? How can some hackers’ actions be legal?
8. Define social process theories. Which learning theory is the most beneficial in the study of individuals who commit cybercrimes, and why?
9. Discuss two psychological theories of crime. Provide an example of each type in relation to cybercrimes. You must discuss a specific criminal for each and assign the appropriate psychological theory. This will require outside research on your part.
10. How is social media used in cybercrimes? Give at least two specific examples.
11. What is the major law making identity theft a federal crime? Explain the effectiveness of this law, and suggest more effective ways of combating identity theft.
12. Explain the four primary environments in which viruses operate.
13. What is a Trojan horse virus? Briefly summarize how they work.
14. Discuss how most viruses and malware are classified. How is exposure measured?
15. How has the Internet increased the number of people, including children, who are sexually exploited or victimized? Using specific statistics, studies, and cases, outline and discuss the evolution of Internet exploitation. Include a discussion of specific crimes and any laws enacted to combat these crimes. Are they effective? Why, or why not?
16. How do child pornographers use the Internet? How does law enforcement track and prosecute child pornographers?
17. What are some examples of domestic terrorist groups that use cyberspace? How do they use cyberspace to spread their messages and carry out their crimes?
18. Discuss the law enforcement initiatives that are trying to combat cyber-sex crimes. What are the prevalent jurisdictional issues, issues with evidence and detection, and suspect identification?
19. What is the legal definition of a hate crime? Is this definition sufficient? How would you change it, if at all? Also, define right-wing extremism and left-wing extremism. What is an example of a left-wing group? What is an example of a right-wing group? How does each group use the Internet to carry out their nefarious activities? What tools does law enforcement have to combat these groups?
20. How does one determine whether an action is a search and whether such search is reasonable? You must include a discussion of at least one relevant case.
21. What are the roles, responsibilities, and initiatives of the FTC in combating cybercrimes?
22. What are the roles, responsibilities, and initiatives of the Secret Service in combating cybercrimes?
23. What are the roles, responsibilities, and initiatives of the Department of Energy in combating cybercrimes?
24. What are the roles, responsibilities, and initiatives of the ICE in combating cybercrimes?

*All responses should be 75 words and APA format
1. Explain what a worm is and how it functions. (75 Words)
2. What is false authority syndrome, and what risks does it pose? (75 Words)
3. What is a pseudo virus expert? (75 Words)
4. Define and distinguish adware and spyware. Give an example of each. (75 Words)
5. What is a DoS attack? How does it work? (75 Words)
*The responses should be 500 words using APA format and in text citation
1. Outline and explain the evolution of ONE of the following criminal enterprises. Make sure you give a specific example of a crime perpetrated. (This response should be 500 words.)
Choose one of the following:
a .African criminal enterprises, b. Asian criminal enterprises, c. Balkan criminal enterprises, d. Eurasian criminal enterprises., e. Italian criminal enterprises., f. Middle Eastern criminal enterprises., g .Mexican and South American criminal enterprises.
2. What are some challenges that local law enforcement officers face? What do law enforcement officers need to combat computer crimes at the state and local levels?
3. Explain the process, step by step, that electronic evidence must follow to be admitted at trial. You must make reference to the necessary Federal Rules of Evidence. You should also discuss at least one illustrative case example.
4. Identify and explain at least three different federal statutes related to digital crime.

*The paper should be at least two pages in length. APA format is required for all citations and references.
Project: Part 1
Throughout the Unit Lessons (now might be a good time to go back and review them) and the textbook reading in this class, we have met some pretty creepy characters. Now it is time to create and investigate your own computer criminal!
You must make this person up from scratch; do not outline a real person or case. You will invent a cybercriminal, and identify the following information:
1. Name and background (education, family, etc.)
2. Where the criminal lives
3. Where the criminal works
Now, create a fact pattern (narrative) explaining in detail this person’s crime or crimes. (Fact pattern is a term used in many areas, especially law. In law, the term fact pattern simply means the true and accurate description of what happened in a crime, or alternatively, events leading to a lawsuit.)
Include the following:
1. How do they do what they do (equipment, funding, etc.)?
2. Under what psychological theories and profiles do they fall?
3. Are they a member of any specific criminal organization?
4. What is their classification, and how are they identified as such (hacker, script kiddie, etc.)?
Next, develop a fact pattern where this person commits their ultimate crime. Walk us through the steps of the crime: how is it carried out, upon whom is it carried out, and what is the ultimate goal of the criminal? Use as much detail as possible. Do they use a virus? Are they infiltrating a company they work for? How? What kinds of systems do they use? What kind of systems do they infiltrate?

Project: Part 2
Thepaper should be at least two pages in length. APA format is required for all citations and references.
Take the criminal invented in Part 1, and complete the following tasks:
You are a law enforcement officer that has arrived on the scene, been assigned to track down, whatever the case may be, the computer criminal you created in Part I of this Project for this course.
MCJ 6374, Special Topics in Criminology and Criminal Justice 3
Summarize your answers to the following questions:
1. What is your first step? Why?
2. What agency do you work for? Why are you the correct person/agency to catch this criminal? Explain your jurisdictional authority.
3. What law or laws are applicable to this criminal and these crimes? Why?
4. How are you going to work with other agencies?
5. Locate and identify the evidence.
6. What search and seizure procedure did you follow?
7. Provide a chain of custody, tracking the evidence.
8. How do you authenticate the evidence for trial?
9. Do you catch the criminal?
10. How is he or she prosecuted? What court hears evidence, and why? What rules of evidence are used?
11. Was this project an effective exercise? Why, or why not?

Discuss two trends of increased cyber victimization.

. Comment on any significant trends or fluctuations and if these were to continue in to the future how these may influence your companys operations in your chosen country.

Posted on September 26, 2021 | by Simon KN

. Comment on any significant trends or fluctuations and if these were to continue in to the future how these may influence your companys operations in your chosen country..

Briefly describe your chosen company, its products or services and the significant countries
that it currently conducts business in.
b) Obtain your chosen company’s latest Annual Report. From that report identify how the
company manages its foreign currency risk / exposure (note: attach relevant extracts from the
Annual Report to your assignment submission).
c) From the list of countries on page 4 of this document, choose one country that you believe may
be appropriate for your chosen company to expand in to (note: the chosen country cannot be
one that your company currently has business dealings with). For the chosen country
undertake a country risk analysis (note: see page 3 for a list of websites that may be useful for
your country risk analysis).
d) Prepare a foreign exchange rate graph for the last three years, showing monthly rates,
between the NZ dollar and the currency of your chosen country. Comment on any significant
trends or fluctuations and if these were to continue in to the future how these may influence
your company’s operations in your chosen country.

Faculty of Creative Industries & Business Department of Accounting and Finance
Bachelor of Business

ACTY 7299 – INTERNATIONAL FINANCE
Assignment – Group
Semester: Semester 2, 2015
Date issued: October, 2015
Due time and date: Submit to your lecturer at the beginning of lecture in week 12 (but on or before Monday 26th October 2015 at 6.00 am)
Delivery: ■ Your assignment should consist of one Word file.
■ You must hand in a paper copy to your lecturer at the beginning of lecture in week 12.
■ You are also required to submit an electronic copy of your assignment via turnitin.com.
■ Failure to do this may result in a zero mark.
Total marks: 50 marks in total for the Assignment – Group
Weighting: 30%
Instructions: ■ Complete this cover sheet and attach it to the front of the hard copy submission.
■ The submission must be your own group work and adhere to APA referencing requirements.
■ Copying or plagiarism may result in disciplinary action.
■ Refer to the detailed requirements for the assessment.
■ We advise that you keep a backup copy of this assignment.
Student Names, ID Numbers, Signatures and Date: Name ID No. Signature

Date:

Submission Instructions
Paper Copy
• Complete the assignment coversheet, sign it and attach it to the front of your assignment.
• Staple once in the top left corner. Do not put your assignment in a plastic folder, envelope, plastic bag, etc. A pile of these becomes difficult to deal with.
• You must hand in a paper copy to your lecturer at the beginning of lecture in week 12.
Electronic Copy
• Do not submit the cover sheet or this assignment question paper or extracts from the company Annual Report to Turnitin.
• Ensure that your electronic copy is submitted before the due time.
• Failure to do this will result in a zero mark.
• You only need to create one login for turnitin.com. Make sure you don’t forget your password or email to login.
• You can enrol into other Unitec papers using the same login.
• For using turnitin.com, refer to the Student Training guide at http://www.turnitin.com/en us/training/student-training/submitting-a-paper
• The class ID code is: 10317846
• and the password is: ACTY7299IF
General Instructions
• Your assignment should be of a quality that you could show potential employer. It should be neatly and professionally presented.
• Your assignment should consist of one Word file. All graphs and tables should be neatly copied into your Word file.
• You must adhere to APA referencing requirements.
• Be careful of your spelling and grammar. Especially on your graphs, which won’t get spell checked by Word. You should make a habit of ensuring no spelling mistakes in assignments, emails and all your other writing. Bad spelling is a big turn-off to employers.
• Your graphs should be embedded in your Word document. They should not take up the whole page but should be large enough to read (just like any other business report).
• Do not include printouts of the raw data in your assignment.
• It is completely unacceptable to copy and paste sentences, or worse still paragraphs, from the internet into your assignment and not reference them. Even if you have referenced this material, you should get in the habit of rewriting it in your own words.
• The assignment is a group assignment. You should not copy any material from your classmates.
• T urnitin is very good at finding similar scripts and material copied from the internet.
Do you want to do the best that you can do on this assignment and improve your grades? You could:
• Talk it over with your lecturer
• Visit Te Puna Ako or Maia for learning advice and support
• Visit the Centre for Pacific Development and Support
• Contact the USU Advocate for independent advice
• For contact details and more information, go to www.usu.co.nz
Assignment – Group
Objective of this assignment
The objective of the assignment is for the groups to consider some specific aspects that would need to be considered by a New Zealand based listed company seeking to expand globally. This is achieved through the use of information available from the course materials as well as information in the public domain. Key parts of the assignment require demonstration of analysis and research skills and communicating this analysis. Some questions are open-ended to allow a variety of aspects to be investigated from the information available. This analysis is also to be supported by academic literature to draw a link between academic studies and the practice of business.
Scenario and Instructions
You are to select a New Zealand listed company that currently exports or conducts business offshore.
Having selected the company you then need to identify the significant countries that the company exports to or conducts business in.
You will then assume the role of a member of the senior management of your chosen company. The company has decided to continue to expand its overseas operations and you have been given the task to undertake some research on a suitable country. The output from your research will ultimately be considered by the Board of Directors of your chosen company.
Required
a) Briefly describe your chosen company, its products or services and the significant countries that it currently conducts business in.
b) Obtain your chosen company’s latest Annual Report. From that report identify how the company manages its foreign currency risk / exposure (note: attach relevant extracts from the Annual Report to your assignment submission).
c) From the list of countries on page 4 of this document, choose one country that you believe may be appropriate for your chosen company to expand in to (note: the chosen country cannot be one that your company currently has business dealings with). For the chosen country undertake a country risk analysis (note: see page 3 for a list of websites that may be useful for your country risk analysis).
d) Prepare a foreign exchange rate graph for the last three years, showing monthly rates, between the NZ dollar and the currency of your chosen country. Comment on any significant trends or fluctuations and if these were to continue in to the future how these may influence your company’s operations in your chosen country.
continued…
e) Identify the various alternatives that your company has for expansion in to your chosen country and provide a justified recommendation for your preferred alternative.
f) Provide an overall recommendation on whether or not your company should expand to your chosen country.
Countries to choose from
You are to choose ONE of the following countries:
India
Mexico
Brazil
Indonesia
Germany
Saudi Arabia
Algeria
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Norway
Some useful websites for country risk analysis:
World Bank – http://www.worldbank.org/
International Monetary Fund – http://www.imf.org/external/index.htm
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) – http://www.oecd.org/
Economist Intelligence Unit – http://www.eiu.com/home.aspx
Marking guide:
Company details 5
FX risk / exposure 5
Country risk analysis 15
FX graph and future 5
Expansion alternatives 10
Recommendation 5
Sub-total 45
Presentation 5
Total Marks 50

Marking guide considerations:
Assignment format
• There is no specific format for this assignment.
• The assignment is typed, of a professional appearance, and is well laid out.
• The assignment has been carefully proof-read, is legible and uses clear and concise sentences and paragraphs and avoids or explains jargon.
• The assignment is logically organised and structured well.
• Use of diagrams, tables, charts etc are all appropriate.
• The assignment does not exceed the page limit. Use Arial, Font size 11, with single line spacing.
• Referencing is complete using APA format. Use the following library link http://libguides.unitec.ac.nz/apareferencing
Responses to questions
• The requirements of each question have been met and is original work.
• An understanding of the key issues is illustrated and critical analysis is demonstrated.
• Further insight is added to the assessment by reference to other relevant readings/ articles.
Maximum assignment length is 6 pages of A4 (using Arial font 11) including tables, graphs or diagrams. The 6 pages do not include the reference list or extracts from the Annual Report.

. Comment on any significant trends or fluctuations and if these were to continue in to the future how these may influence your companys operations in your chosen country.

The Health Care Scene Contemporary Trends

Posted on September 20, 2021 | by Simon KN

The Health Care Scene Contemporary Trends.

As health care leaders, it is important to understand that health care is quite a dynamic field. Its constant changes are a result of continuing trends in regulation, policy, patient and provider advocacy efforts, as well as increasingly sophisticated technology and industry benchmarking guidelines.

For your assignment you review the possible topics for your Senior Project located in Week Five of your online course or in the Components of Course Evaluation” section of this guide, and select the topic your training program will address. If you choose not to select a topic from the approved topic list, you must have your original topic approved by your instructor prior to submitting this assignment.

For this assignment, focus on a specific contemporary trend in health care and be sure to include all of the following influences:

Changes in client characteristics
Regulation of the health care industry
Reimbursement patterns and mandates
Restructuring of health care organizations
Impact of technology
Ongoing social and ethical factors
Address the information above as it pertains to your selected topic, in an eight to ten slide (excluding title and reference slides) PowerPoint presentation.

Your presentation should conclude with a summary describing the following concerns:

Overall, why should health care managers be aware of this change and trend?
What impact does this trend have on the stakeholder groups involved (e.g., patients, providers, administrators, third-party payers, legislators, etc.) for a specific organization specified (e.g., for profit, nonprofit, hospital, outpatient clinic, nursing home, etc.).
The information in this presentation will later be used as part of your Senior Project to set the context for the audience you select for a training program on the contemporary trend identified here.

Your presentation must include detailed speakers notes (i.e., at least 150 words) for each slide as well as a minimum of one to two scholarly sources from the Ashford University Library and one to two current, scholarly web sources.

Your presentation, and any citations used, must be in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Examples of scholarly web sources are available in this weeks recommended websites. These sources will also count toward the required sources for your Senior Project. Your presentation must be engaging and relevant to your audience. Lines of text on a slide will not be sufficient for this assignment. It should contain images, graphics, and/or multimedia that communicate your training program clearly to your audience. For tips on creating an excellent presentation, read thisoverview.

Carefully review the Grading Rubric for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.

Recommended Resources

Articles

Cleveland, A. D. (2011). Miles to go before we sleep: Education, technology, and the changing paradigms in health information. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 99(1), 61-69. Retrieved from the EBSCOhost database.
Mergers and acquisitions in health care expected to rise. (2010). In PT in Motion, 2(8), 15. Retrieved from the EBSCOhost database.
Richardson, L. D., & Norris, M. (2010). Access to health and health care: How race and ethnicity matter. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 77(2), 166-177. Retrieved from the EBSCOhost database.

Multimedia

PivotHealth. (Producer). (2011). Trends in healthcare business [Video clip]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uhb1SeBL00s&feature=related
Websites

American Association of Healthcare Administrative Management (A.A.H.A.M.). (2008). (http://www.aaham.org)
American College of Healthcare Administrators (A.C.H.C.A.). (2010). (http://www.achca.org)
American College of Healthcare Executives (A.C.H.E.). (2008). (http://www.ache.org)
Healthcare Financial Management Association (H.F.M.A.). (2012). (http://www.hfma.org)
Healthcare Finance News. (2012). (http://www.healthcarefinancenews.com)
The White House. (2012). Issues: Health care. (http://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/health-care)
Wall Street Journal. (2012). Business:Health. (http://online.wsj.com/public/page/news-health-industry.html?mod=WSJ_topnav_na_business)

The Health Care Scene Contemporary Trends

brief description of three emerging trends that are affecting health care

Posted on September 19, 2021 | by Simon KN

brief description of three emerging trends that are affecting health care.

Review the Learning Resources for this week, focusing on the role of nurse managers in making financial decisions.

Conduct additional research in the Walden Library and other relevant sources, to identify three emerging trends that are affecting health care today.

Select one trend to discuss in detail and evaluate its implications for the delivery of care from the perspective of doctors, nurses, and patients.

Reflect on how this trend might impact quality of care.

By Day 3

Post a brief description of three emerging trends that are affecting health care today. Evaluate the implication of one of these trends on the delivery of health care from the perspectives of doctors, nurses, and patients. Explain how this trend might impact the quality of care.

Baker, J. J., Baker, R. W., & Dworkin, N. R. (2018). Health care finance: Basic tools for nonfinancial managers (5th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 2, “Four Things the Healthcare Manager Needs to Know About Financial Management Systems” (pp. 11–20)

This chapter focuses on the overall financial management system within an organization and identifies the basic system elements.

Zelman, W., McCue, M., & Glick, N. (2009). Financial management of health care organizations: An introduction to fundamental tools, concepts, and applications (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Jossey-Bass.