Tag: cycle

Cancer and The Cell Cycle

Posted on | by Simon KN

Cancer and The Cell Cycle

Science in the News

Biology 101 Assignment

You will need to complete a paper on a recent magazine or newspaper article about biology. You may also use a TV or radio story if you can find a transcript of the story. The paper should be approximately 1000 words, however, I am more concerned with whether the paper contains all the content it needs than the actual word count. This assignment is due Friday, April 14 before midnight. Assignments must be turned in to the turn-it-in dropbox on Blackboard.

Assignment Requirements:

1. Include the title, authors, and source of the news story.

2. Summarize the story in your own words.

3. Discuss why this science study is important, and who it will impact.

4. Discuss how what you have read is related to what you learned in class.

5. Write about how you reacted to this story, and include what questions it raised for you.

6. Include a reference page for the article you are discussing and any other references (e.g., your textbook) that you might have used.

7. Attach a copy of the news story you used.

References should be in APA format. More information can be found here: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

Briefly, you should cite an article as shown below.

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume

number(issue number), pages.

When you use ideas (not just quotes, but any ideas) from an author in the text, you should follow your information with the author and the year. For example, if you were citing your textbook, you might say “Previous studies on coffee’s effects on people have produced conflicting results (Bozzone and Green, 2014).” The words “et al.” are a Latin abbreviation for “and the others.” You use them when you don’t list all the authors (usually when there are more than two). Please do not use more than one quote in your paper.

Grading

1. All parts of the paper are present. ___ ___/10

2. The summary is complete, accurate, and not plagiarized. ___ ___/20

3. Clear connections between class and the article are made. ___ ___/20

4. A thoughtful reaction and relevant questions are included. ___ ___/20

5. The references are cited correctly. ___ ___/10

6. Spelling and grammar are correct. ___ ___/20

 

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Reflection using Gibbs Reflective Cycle

Posted on | by Simon KN

Reflection using Gibbs Reflective Cycle.

Description

I undertook a full assessment on a patient with a sacral pressure sore. The patient had limited mobility, dementia and does not speak. I completed the assessment using observation as a primary source. The care assistants were reluctant to engage with the nursing process rendering some specific measurements as ineffectual compromising the eventual Waterlow score.
I conducted the assessment with my mentor and gave a logical explanation how I administered the wound and gave rationale for the dressings I chose. I spoke to the care assistant to reiterate my action plan as it was pivotal to a successful wound healing.
Feelings

Initially I felt confident. I had observed pressure sores before and I had prior knowledge of dressings and pressure relief. When I discussed about the patient with the care assistant, I ensured we were outside the bedroom as it unprofessional to talk over a client. The health records were of poor quality and had not been updated. When I mentioned this, the carer’s attitude became abrupt and I began to get defensive and made an inconsequential remark, “It does not matter”, just to reengage the carer. This remark I regretted as it undermined my authority and I appeared amateurish. Care records are a legal working document in progress. Poor record keeping will be detrimental to a client’s recovery and must always be challenged. I felt overwhelmed and looked to my mentor to support me.
Evaluation

My role in the nursing process enabled me to evaluate the patient’s wound and give an accurate descriptive account to my mentor. I provided evidence that consolidated my evaluating skills and put my basic wound knowledge into practice, within a safe nurturing environment. I rushed the assessment and regretfully completed it away from the nursing home. I found this frustrating as I could not explore the holistic process in greater depth and it simply became a checklist without breadth to the other client’s needs; dementia and poor communication, which I acknowledged fleetingly.
Analysis

Payne (2000) identifies that professional partnerships are at risk if a nurse has insufficient knowledge required to perform ethically, thus undermining their own authority. The care assistant knew I was a student nurse and treated me, not as a partner in care but as a learner.

I failed to develop the partnership more and relied on my mentor too much when I conversed with the carer. I was looking for affirmation which was lacking within me. If I had communicated how significant the carer’s role was, this would have earned me more respect and empowered the carer.

Crawford et al (2005) believe empowerment inspires the self determination of others, whilst Fowler et al (2007) identifies listening skills and the encouragement in the participation of care motivates nurses to actively support changes in patient care. Entwistle and Watt (2007) remind practitioners that participation requires communication skills that are not universally possessed so nurses must be flexible in their approach to champion the participation of others. Using these concepts I could have built a rapport with carers, praising them for the care they provide, promoting partnership in care whilst emphasising the importance of the care plan.

I found it difficult to disengage from the patients many problems and only to focus on the wound. When choosing a suitable nursing framework, Roper et al (2000) describe care planning as a proposal of nursing intervention that notifies other nurses what to do and when. This model is used throughout the community and is thought to be a simplistic, easy to use everyday tool that enables nurses to identify actual and potential problems. Page (1995) had reservations about Roper, Logan and Tierney’s model, comparing it to a checklist which, if not used as the authors intended, can be restrictive in clinical practice as fundamental problems can be missed.

I used some of Page’s model as a checklist and not as a holistic assessment due to time constraints, the patient’s profound dementia, poor record keeping and being a novice assessor; however I was directed by my mentor to focus on the wound alone. It could be argued that community nurses working within care homes only prioritise physical needs from adapted assessments, as the care home provides the patient’s psychosocial needs. I identified from the patient’s assessment she was at the end stage of the dependence continuum, but I still recognised the importance of holism when completing the package of care and I identified that the promotion of comfort was as important as healing.

The main strength of my care plan was in identifying specific measurable outcomes exclusive to the client that were adaptable. I used evidence from reputable sources to identify suitable dressings to promote granulation and healing by sourcing up to date journals from the Cinahl and current trust policies. My weakness was relying on my mentor too much to confirm the evidence I collated on pressure care to the carer’s. Prioritising delegation and assertiveness as part of my learning needs I will now create an action plan that will ensure my future mentors will recognise the effort I extol to succeed in practice.
Conclusion

I conclude my implementation of the care plan was successful. The wound healed and the patient was discharged from the community case load. I demonstrated I can assess patients holistically, but require further practice when addressing client and carer concerns. To use nursing frameworks effectively nurses have to create an inclusive partnership with the client, family, professionals and care providers and demonstrate a broad knowledge of basic nursing care. Successful care plans are universal tools that empowerment others, giving them the direction to advocate safe holistic care based on evidence.
Action Plan

To encourage the participation of others I will become conversant in wound care. I will learn to identify the stages of healing by researching the biology of wound care. I will disseminate this to peers, as the sharing of knowledge is a fundamental part of holistic nursing care. As I develop from a supervised participant to a participant in care delivery I will continue to read research and reflect my practice on a daily basis. Creating new action plans that identify my learning requirements will address my limitations and by acknowledging them I will generate achievable goals to become a competent practitioner.
Reference List

Allman, R. (1989) Pressure Ulcers among the Elderly. New England Journal of Medicine [on-line]. Available at http://gateway.uk/com/gw1/ovidweb.cgi[Accessed 22/07/07]
Bale, S., Dealey, C., Defloor, T., Hopkins, A., Worboys, F. (2007) The Experience of Living with a Pressure Ulcer. Nursing Times. Vol. 103, No.15, pp42-43
Benbow, M. (2006) Ethics and wound management. Journal of Community Nursing. Vol.19, No.3, pp26-28
Benbow, M. (2006) Holistic assessment of pain and chronic wounds.Journal of Community Nursing. Vol.20, No.5, pp24-26
Calianno, C. (2003) How to choose the right treatment and dressings for the wound. Nursing Management [on-line]. Vol.34, pp6-14. Available athttp://gateway.uk/com/gw1/ovidweb.cgi [Accessed 17/07/07]
Casey, G. (2001) Wound Dressing. Paediatric Nursing. Vol.13, No.4, pp39-42
Collier, M. (2004) Effective prevention requires accurate risk assessment.Journal of Wound Care/ Therapy Weekly. pp3-7
Crawford, P., Brown, B., Bonham, P. (2006) Communication in Clinical Settings. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes
Cutting, K. (2006) Silicone and skin adhesives. Journal of Community Nursing. Vol.20, No.11, pp36-37
Cutting, K. (1999) The cases and prevention of maceration of the skin.Journal of Wound Care. Vol.8, No.4, pp200-210
Cutting, K., White, R. (2002) Avoidance and management of peri-wound maceration of the skin. Professional Nurse [on-line] Vol.18, No.2, pp33-36. Available at http://gateway.uk/com/gw1/ovidweb.cgi [accessed 29/07/07]
Dealey, C. (1999) The care of wounds. A Guide for Nurses. (2nd Edition).Oxford: Blackwell Science
Doughtery, L., Lister, S. (2004) The Royal Marsden Hospital of Clinical Nursing Procedures (6th Edition). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers
Dykes, P., Heggie, R., Hill, S. (2001) Effects of adhesive dressings on the stratum corneum of the skin. Journal of Wound Care. Vol. 10, No. 2
Entwistle, V., Watt, I. (2007) Exploring Patient Participation in Decision Making. Department of Health [on-line]. Available athttp://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Policyandguidance/thestudies/DH_4127209[Accessed 3/08/07]
Evans, J., Stephen-Haynes, J. (2007) identification of superficial pressure ulcers. Journal of Wound Care. Vol.16, No.2, pp54-56
Fletcher, J. (2002) Exudate theory, and the clinical management of exudating wounds. Professional Nurse. Vol.17, No.8, pp475-478
Fowler, J., Fenton, G., Riley, J. (2007) Solution focused techniques in clinical supervision. Nursing Times. Vol.103, No.22, pp30-31
Gannon, R. (2007) Wound Cleansing: Sterile Water or Saline? Nursing Times. Vol. 103, No. 9, pp44-46
Gibbs, G. (1988) Learning by doing: a guide to teaching and learning.Oxford: KC Unit Oxford Poly. Cited in Bulman, C., Schuts, S. (2004)reflective practice in nursing (3rd Edition). Oxford:
Blackwell Publishing
Griffiths, R., Fernandez, R., Ussia, C. (2001) Is tap water a safe alternative to normal saline for wound irrigation in the community. Journal of Wound Care. Vol.10, No.10, pp407-411
Guy, H. (2007) Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment and Grading. Nursing Times. Vol. 103, No.15, pp38-40
Hampton, S., Collins, F. (2004) Tissue Viability. London: Whurr Publishers
Hampton, S. (2005) Death by Pressure Ulcer; being held to account when ulcers develop. Journal of Community Nursing. Vol.19, No.7, pp26-29
Hampton, S. (2004) Dressing selection and associated pain. Journal of Community Nursing. Vol.18, No.1, pp14-18
Herman, M., Bolton, L. (1996) the Influence of Dressings on the Cost of Wound Treatment. Dermatology Nursing [on-line]. Vol.8, No.2, pp-93-100. Available at http://gateway.uk/com/gw1/ovidweb.cgi [Accessed 17/07/07]
Hess, C. (2005) Wound Care (5th Edition). Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins
Jones, M., SanMigule, L. (2006) Are wound dressings a clinical and cost effective alternative to the use of gauze. Journal of Wound Care. Vol.15, No.2, pp65-69
Kaya, A., Turani, N., Akyuz, N. (2005) The effectiveness of hydrogel dressing compared with standard management of pressure ulcers. Journal of Wound Care. Vol.14, No.1, pp42-44
Kingsley, A. (2002) Wound Healing and potential Therapeutic Options.Professional Nurse. Vol. 17, No.9, p539
Land, L. (1995) A review of pressure damage prevention strategies. Journal of Advanced Nursing [on-line] Vol. 22, No.2, pp329-337. Available athttp://gateway.uk/com/gw1/ovidweb.cgi [Accessed 17/07/07]
Moore, Z. (2004) Pressure Ulcer Prevention: nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviour. Journal of Wound Care. Vol.13, No8, pp330-334
Neander, K., Hesse, F. (2003) The protective effect of a new preparation on wound edges. Journal of Wound Care. Vol.12, No.3, pp369-371
Nursing and Midwifery Council. (2004) Code of professional conduct. Standards for conduct, Performance and Ethics. London: NMC
Page, M. (1995) Tailoring nursing models to clients’ needs using the Roper, Logan and Tierney model after discharge. Professional Nurse. Vol.10, No.5, pp284-288
Payne, M. (2000) Teamwork in Multi Professional Care. Hampshire: Palgrave
Rainey, J. (2002) Wound Care. A Handbook for Community Nurses.London: Whurr Publishers
Roper, N., Logan, W., Tierney, A. (2000) The Roper, Logan, Tierney Model of Nursing. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone
Russell, L. (2004) Patient repositioning revisited. Journal of Wound Care.Vol.13, No.8, pp328-329
Selim, P., Bashford, C., Grossman, K. (2001) Evidenced based practice: water cleansing of leg ulcers in the community. Journal of Clinical Nursing [on-line] Vol. 10, No.3, pp372-379. Available athttp://gateway.uk/com/gw1/ovidweb.cgi [Accessed 17/07/07]
Smith, L., Booth, N., Douglas, D., Robertson, W., walker, A., Durie, M., Fraser, A., Hillan, E., Swaffield, C. (1995) A critique of “at risk” pressure sore assessment tools. Journal of Clinical
Nursing [on-line]. Vol.4, No.3, pp153-159
Available at http://gateway2.uk.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi [Accessed 10/08/04]
Southern Derbyshire Health Community Wound Management Guidelines. (2005) Derbyshire Dales and South Derbyshire. NHS: Primary Care Trust
Thomas, S. (1997) assessment and Management of Wound Exudate.Journal of Wound Care. Vol.6, No.7, pp327-330
White, R., Cutting, K. (2003) Intervention to avoid maceration of the skin and wound bed. British Journal of Nursing. Vol.12, No.20, pp1186-1192
Williams, C., Young, T. (1998) Myth and Reality in wound Care. Salisbury: Mark Allen Publishing Ltd
Wright, K. (2005) Ensure Patients’ Wounds are Best Dressed. Nursing Management. Vol.36, No.11, pp49-50
Zoellner, P., Kapp, H., Smola, H. (2007) Clinical Performance of a hydrogel dressing in chronic wounds: a prospective observational study. Journal of Wound Care. Vol.12, No.3, pp369-371

Appendices

1. Client pen portrait.
2. Plan of care
3. Wound evaluation
4. Activities of Daily Living
5. Waterlow Pressure Score

Reflection using Gibbs Reflective Cycle

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Product Life Cycle of Nokia Essay

Posted on | by Simon KN

Product Life Cycle of Nokia Essay.

INTRODUCTION

In the present context, managing has become one of the most important areas of human activity because of increasing role of large and complex organisations in the society. Because of their increasing role, the organisations have attracted the attention of both practitioners and academicians to find out the solutions for business problems. Concept Defining the term management precisely is not so simple because the term management is used in a variety of ways. Being a new discipline, it has drawn concepts and principles from a number of disciplines such as economics, sociology, psychology, anthropology, statistics and so on.

Each group of contributors has treated management differently. For example, economists have treated management as a factor of production; sociologists have treated it as a class or group of persons; practitioners have treated it as a process comprising different activities.

DEFINITION

“Management is the art of getting things done through and with people in formally organized groups” — Koontz “Management is the art of knowing what you want to do and then seeing that it is done in the best and cheapest way” – F.

W. Taylor “Management is the art of securing maximum results with minimum effort so as to secure maximum prosperity and happiness for both employer and employee and give the public the best possible service” — John Mee. “Management is the accomplishment of results through the efforts of other people” — Lawrence “Management is simply the process of decision making and control over the action of human beings for the expressed purpose of attaining predetermined goals” – Stanley V. “Management is a process involving planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling human efforts to achieve stated objectives in an organization.”

From the above definitions, the following features are identified:1) Organised Activities: Management is a process of organized activities. Without organized activities, two groups of people cannot be involved in the performance of activities. Where a group of people are involved in working towards a common objective, management comes into existence. 2) Existence of objectives: The existence of objectives is a basic criterion of e very human organization because all organizations are deliberate and purposive creation and, therefore, they should have

Introduction to Management some objectives. Without objectives, it becomes difficult to define the direction where organized group of activities would lead to. 3) Relationship among resources: Organised activities meant to achieve common goals are brought about to establish certain relationships about the available resources. Resources include money, machine, material, men and methods. All these resources are made available to those who manage the organization. Managers apply knowledge, experience, principles for getting the desired results. Thus, the essence of management is integration of various organisational resources. 4) Working with and through people: Management involves working with people and getting organisational objectives achieved through them. The idea of working through people is interpreted in terms of assigning and reassigning of activities to subordinates.

5) Decision Making: Management process involves decision making at various levels for getting things done through people. Decision making basically involves selecting the most appropriate alternative out of the several. If there is only one alternative, there is no question of decision making. Nature of Management: – The study and application of management techniques in managing the affairs of the organization have changed its nature over a period of time. The following points will describe the nature of management 1) Multidisciplinary: Management has been developed as a separate discipline, but it draws knowledge and concepts from various disciplines like psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, statistics, operations research etc.,. Management integrates the idea and concepts taken from these disciplines and presents newer concepts which can be put into practice for managing the organisations 2) Dynamic nature of Principles: Principle is a fundamental truth which establishes cause and effect relationships of a function.

Based on integration and supported by practical evidences, management has framed certain principles. However, these principles are flexible in nature and change with the changes in the environment in which an organization exists. 3) Relative, Not absolute Principles: Management principles are relative, not absolute, and they should be applied according to the need of the organization. Each organization may be different from others. The difference may exist because of time, place, socio-cultural factors, etc.,.

4) Management: Science or Art: There is a controversy whether management is science or art. An art is personal skill of business affairs. Art is characterized by practical knowledge, personal creativity and skill. The more one practices an art, the more professional one becomes. Management can be considered as an art because it satisfies all these criterion of an art. A science is a systematized body of knowledge of facts. It can establish cause-and-effect relationships among various factors. It involves basic principles, which are capable of universal application. Management can be considered as science because it satisfies all these criterion of a science.

Introduction to Management

5) Management as profession: Management has been regarded as a profession by many while many have suggested that it has not achieved the status of a profession. Profession refers to a vocation or a branch of advanced learning such as engineering or medicine. 6) Universality of management: Management is a universal phenomenon. However, management principles are not universally applicable but are to be modified according to the needs of the situation. Importance of Management Management has been important to the daily lives of people and to the organisations. The importance of management may be traces with the following. 1) Effective utilisation of Resources: Management tries to make effective utilisation of various resources. The resources are scarce in nature and to meet the demand of the society, their contribution should be more for the general interests of the society. Management not only decides in which particular alternative a particular resource should be used, but also takes actions to utilize it in that particular alternative in the best way.

2) Development of Resources: Management develops various resources. This is true with human as well as non-human factors. Most of the researchers for resource development are carried on in an organized way and management is involved in these organized activities. 3) It ensures continuity in the organization: Continuity is very important in the organisations. Where there are no proper guidelines for decision making continuity can not be guaranteed. It is quite natural that new people join while some others retire or leave the organization. It is only management that keeps the organization continuing. 4) Integrating various interest groups: In the organized efforts, there are various interest groups and they put pressure over other groups for maximum share in the combined output.

For example, in case of a business organization, there are various pressure groups such as shareholders, employees, govt. etc. these interest groups have pressure on an organization. Management has to balance these pressures from various interest groups. 5) Stability in the society: Management provides stability in the society by changing and modifying the resources in accordance with the changing environment of the society. In the modern age, more emphasis is on new inventions for the betterment of human beings. These inventions make old systems and factors mostly obsolete and inefficient. Management provides integration between traditions and new inventions, and safeguards society from the unfavorable impact of these inventions so that continuity in social process is maintained. Functions of Management:To achieve the organisational objectives managers at all levels of organization should perform different functions. A function is a group of similar activities.

Introduction to Management

The list of management functions varies from author to author with the number of functions varying from three to eight. Writers Henry Fayol Luther Gullick R. Davis Management Functions Planning, Organizing, Commanding, Coordinating, Controlling POSDCORD- Planning, Organising, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting, Directing Planning , Organising, Controlling Planning, Organising, Motivating, Coordinating, Controlling Planning, Organising, Staffing, Leading, Controlling Koontz Different authors presented different variations. By combining some of functions, these are broadly grouped into Planning, Organising, Staffing, Directing, and Controlling. 1) Planning: Planning is the conscious determination of future course of action. This involves why an action, what action, how to take action, and when to take action. Thus, planning includes determination of specific objectives, determining projects and programs, setting policies and strategies, setting rules and procedures and preparing budgets.

2) Organising: Organising is the process of dividing work into convenient tasks or duties, grouping of such duties in the form of positions, grouping of various positions into departments and sections, assigning duties to individual positions, and delegating authority to each positions so that the work is carried out as planned. It is viewed as a bridge connecting the conceptual idea developed in creating and planning to the specific means for accomplishment these ideas. 3) Staffing: Staffing involves manning the various positions created by the organizing process. It includes preparing inventory of personal available and identifying the sources of people, selecting people, training and developing them, fixing financial compensation, appraising them periodically etc.

4) Directing: when people are available in the organization, they must know what they are expected to do in the organization. Superior managers fulfill this requirement by communicating to subordinates about their expected behavior. Once subordinates are oriented, the superiors have continuous responsibility of guiding and leading them for better work performance and motivating them to work with zeal and enthusiasm. Thus, directing includes communicating, motivating and leading. 5) Controlling: Controlling involves identification of actual results, comparison of actual results with expected results as set by planning process, identification of deviations between the two, if any, and taking of corrective action so that actual results match with expected results.

Introduction to Management

TAYLOR & SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT The concept of scientific management was introduced by Frederick Winslow Taylor in USA in the beginning of 20th century. “Scientific management is concerned with knowing exactly what you want to do and then see in that they do it in the best and cheapest way” Since Taylor has put the emphasis on solving managerial problems in a scientific way, often, he is called as father of scientific management and his contributions as the principles of scientific management. Taylor carried experiments about how to increase the efficiency of people. On the basis of experiments, he published many papers and books and all his contributions were compiled in his book “scientific management”. His contributions are divided into two parts.

Elements and tools of scientific management Principles of scientific management FEATURES / ELEMENTS AND TOOLS OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT 1) Separation of planning & doing: Taylor emphasized the separation of planning aspect from actual doing of the work. In other words planning should be left to the supervisor and the worker should concentrate only operational work. 2) Functional foremanship: Taylor introduced the concept of functional foremanship based on specialization of functions. In this system, eight persons are involved to direct the activities of workers. Out of these four persons are concerned with planning viz., route clerk, instruction card clerk, time and cost clerk and disciplinarian. The remaining four persons are concerned with doing aspect of the job, viz., speed boss, inspector, gang boss and maintenance foreman. It is against to the principle of unity of command.

Product Life Cycle of Nokia Essay

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Imagine that you are the Revenue Cycle Manager and Independence Hospital

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Imagine that you are the Revenue Cycle Manager and Independence Hospital.

Imagine that you are the Revenue Cycle Manager and Independence Hospital. You are asked to provide an analysis of the current reimbursement processes and their effect on financial management decisions.

Imagine that you are the Revenue Cycle Manager and Independence Hospital

Imagine that you are the Revenue Cycle Manager and Independence Hospital. You are asked to provide an analysis of the current reimbursement processes and their effect on financial management decisions.

You are to perform an analysis of cash flow based on a key element of the revenue cycle- claims processing. Cash flow is the cycle of receiving and disbursing cash payments. When there is positive cash flow, there is more cash receive d than disburse d. This is important to healthcare providers because cash results from clean claims. The chief financial officer (CFO) has discovered that there may be some cash flow and reimbursement issues, based on claims submissions. Your next task is to compile a report to the CFO, to examine cash-flow issues relevant to reimbursement of providers; and to outline potential reimbursement issues.

In a 2- page report, assess types of cash flow and reimbursement issues:

Cash Flow Issues
Firstly, explain cash-flow issues relevant to reimbursement of providers.

Secondly, compare the risks to payer and provider of each reimbursement methodology.

Thirdly, examine the concept of positive cash flow in relation to claims processing.

Reimbursement issues

Additionally, explain timely payment, with examples.

Further, describe recoupment, with examples.

Finally, examine the concept of difficult economics in relation to a healthcare provider

Imagine that you are the Revenue Cycle Manager and Independence Hospital

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Introduction to the Accounting cycle assignment paper

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Introduction to the Accounting cycle assignment paper.

This is a paper that focuses on the introduction to the Accounting cycle assignment. The paper also provides five questions in regards to the topic.

Introduction to the Accounting cycle assignment

I‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‍‍‌‌‌‍ntroduction to the Accounting Cycle This assignment will familiarize you with the beginning steps in the accounting cycle. After completing this assignment, you will understand: The recording and posting steps in the accounting cycle. The use of software packages to operate an accounting system. The components of the income statement. The concept of debit and credit for recording transactions. The concept of the normal balance of an account. Instructions Respond to the following questions using grammatically correct language and appropriate APA citations. To achieve a proficient grade in this assignment, answer the proficient-level queries for each question. To achieve a distinguished grade, answer both sets of queries for each question.

Question 1: Proficient: Firstly, describe the steps in recording and posting the effects of a business transaction and provide some examples of source documents used in these steps. Define debit and credit and name the types of accounts that are (three correct responses): Increased by a debit. Decreased by a debit. Increased by a credit. Decreased by a credit. Distinguished: Correctly identify all of the types of accounts on the list.

Introduction to the Accounting cycle assignment

Question 2: Proficient: Secondly, which steps in the accounting cycle are performed throughout the accounting cycle? Which of the steps in the accounting cycle are performed only at the end of the accounting period? Distinguished: Many of the steps in the accounting cycle can be performed on a computer with an accounting software package. Additionally, research three of the most commonly used packages and decide which one you would choose if you were starting a small business this year.

Question 3: Proficient: Thirdly, why are separate “expense” and “revenue” accounts use when all revenues and expenses could be shown directly in the retained earnings account? Describe three examples of transactions that would affect a firm’s income statement. Also, for each transaction, identify if the transaction has a positive or negative effect on the firm’s net income. Distinguished: What is the purpose of the “dividends” account and under what circumstances would this account be increased? Under what circumstances would the “dividends” account be decrease?

Cont.

Question 4: Proficient: Fourthly, are the following possibilities conceivable in an entry involving only one debit and one credit? Please explain your response for each item. Provide five or six correct responses: Increase a liability and increase an expense. Increase an asset and decrease a liability. Increase revenue and decrease an expense. Decrease an asset and increase another asset. Decrease an asset and increase a liability. Also, decrease revenue and decrease an asset. Decrease a liability and increase revenue. Distinguished: Correctly identify all of the items.

Question 5: Proficient: Lastly, define the “normal” balance for an account. What are the rules of debit and also credit for accounts appearing on a firm’s balance sheet?‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‍‍‌‌‌‍ Write your responses in a Microsoft Word document and submit it as an attachment in the assignment area. Prior to submitting your assignment, review the Introduction to the Accounting Cycle Scoring Guide to ensure you have met all of the requirements and as a self-assessment of your work. However, be sure to address the questions at the proficient and distinguished levels to achieve the highest grade possible.

Introduction to the Accounting cycle assignment paper

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The Frog Life Cycle Process Essay

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The Frog Life Cycle Process Essay.

In Biology, we know the term metamorphosis which is the transformation process of animal’s body structure from the immature one to the adult form. This transformation process is done through cell growth and differentiation. This process usually happens in some insect’s life, such as butterfly. But there’s also amphibian, like frogs, which is also do metamorphosis in their life cycle. Frogs have some phases in their life cycle, part of the metamorphosis, which is interesting to be learned.

Frog’s life cycle begins from eggs.

The adult frog may lay a mass of eggs. Frog will lay their eggs in static water to keep it from destruction. Not all of the eggs would turn into a frog later; there are some chances the eggs died. According to allaboutfrogs. com, the dead eggs tend to turn white or opaque. After 10 days, the eggs will hatch. Then those eggs enter the next phase. On the next phase, the embryo in the egg will leaves its jelly shell and becomes tadpole.

These tadpoles have a long tail and their body is covered with external gills. In Adipedia. om, it was said that after a few days, skin will grow over the external gills and they will be changed with gill sac to absorb oxygen.

They have tiny teeth and eat algae. Based on Wikipedia, for digesting the food, they use a relatively long, spiral-shaped gut. They will grow and have some transformation later. After 6 weeks, several of tadpole’s body parts have shown some changes. Its front legs are formed under the gill sac before the hind legs which are visible a few days later. At the same time, lungs are quickly formed. Because of the transformation of the digestive system, tadpoles’ diet change too.

They begin eat different diet, like dead insects. Tadpoles will soon grow and change into frogs (allaboutfrogs. org). By twelve weeks, tadpoles will become more like frog. The skin got thickened. Next, their mouth widens and they lose their gills. For a replacement, they develop a big jaw which is stated in instruct. neric. org. Their tail also becomes smaller and disappears, while the legs grow. These outer body transformations affect the neural networks inside their body. At this phase, their lung is mostly functioning especially while they live on land.

So, the tadpoles have turned into adult frogs and completed the full growth cycle. As you can see, frogs have some metamorphosis phases in their life cycle. The phases begin with masses eggs in the water that will produce tadpoles. Tadpoles grow legs and lung and soon turn into a young frog before they finally become adult frogs. Then, these adult frogs find their mates. The female will lay their eggs while the male fertilize them, and the whole process will begin again. This is all the frog life cycle, the metamorphosis process of this amphibian family.

The Frog Life Cycle Process Essay

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