Cyber Risk Insurance

Cyber Risk Insurance

With the increase in the technological advancement in modern society, there is also an increasing level of crime which targets advanced technology (Biener, Eling & Wirfs, 2015). This has, therefore, lead to a reactionary measure taken by individuals, organizations and the authorities to ensure that such risks are countered by ensuring that they develop technology are not vulnerable to any malicious moves taken by the malicious individuals.  The advancement in technology, therefore, has equally affected the cyberspace and thus leading to various risks facing this sphere of human life.  With the ever-evolving crime, the cyberspace has faced the cyber security threats which target its IT systems. , therefore, the technology industry has reacted by developing cyber security approaches which are aimed at countering cyber risks.  In the modern world, the cyberspace involves the use of the IT systems for different reasons including data storage used for various purposes such as for business and other administrative purposes such as those undertaken by the government.  Individuals, organizations and government authorities have however employed various strategies to cut the risk incurred as a result of cyber risk threats. The two main strategies which have been employed include cyber risk insurance and employing cyber security measures.

Cyber risk insurance is an insurance product which individuals and organizations purchase to prevent adversities which may be caused by the cybercrime attacks aimed at tampering with the information by malicious individuals (Biener, Eling & Wirfs, 2015).  The cyber risk insurance covers the cost related to the first and third parties.  The aim of this product is to insulate the company in regard to the cost adverse implications which may result from the cybercrime attacks.

 Some of the aspects in which this policy covers include the cost related to the investigation. The investigation process has cost implications.  The investigation is geared towards forensic investigation to find out what happened, repairing what was damaged and how to prevent future occurrence by identifying the loopholes (Romanosky et al., 2017).  This may involve the third party, and thus this policy will cater for this cost.  Secondly, this policy involves the losses which are incurred during the period in which the system is not functional. This may also involve covering of data loss recovery and the repair of the reputation that is damaged.   This policy also covers the cost related to data breach notifications of the affected parties in case of a data breach.  Finally, cyber risk insurance covers the cost related to lawsuits and extortion.  These are costs which are incurred during the legal battles over the leakage of sensitive information such as intellectual property among others.  

Therefore, insurance companies look at various aspects regarding the systems their clients are insuring. Some of these aspects include the technical issues relating to the attack. For instance, the damages which are caused or are the potential targets by the attackers have implications in the compensation since the higher the damage, the higher the cost (Romanosky et al., 2017). Other technical aspects include physically replacing stolen or damaged computers which may be at the center of the attack.  Other aspects that the insurance companies consider include legal compliance.  Compensations will only be done if the company involved in the attack fully complied with the legal requirements.   Other aspects which are of great concern include organizational and procedures (Romanosky et al., 2017). The organizational set up will either make an organization susceptible to any attack or prevent vulnerability to cybercrime attacks.  All these aspects are the key to possible exposure to the of the IT systems to any possible attack. In assessing the extent to which exposure might occur then the insurance company will then be able to undertake possible implications on their side in the case of an eventuality (Romanosky et al., 2017). The assessment of the risk will also help set the terms basing on the findings since incase the company is liable for some of the poor practice which exposed the system for an attack then the insurance company may not take the liability.

My opinion on whether the cyber insurance policy is a viable option for the business to mitigate the risks is that it is not an absolute solution to the cyber security risk. This is because, despite the use of the modern technology to secure the IT systems, it does not guarantee hundred percent sureties that the system cannot tamper since there are various factors which cause the system vulnerability (Bailey, 2014). Some of the reasons which cause cyber-attack include the organizational factors such as the laxity in the system administration which makes the system very prone to attack. For instance, poor system security administration may make lead to vulnerabilities which could have otherwise been avoided if proper system security measures had been put in place. I believe that having a good security measure including strict regulations in matters system security reduces the chances of cyber risks (Bailey, 2014).  Conclusively cyber risk insurance risk cannot be mitigated by solely taking insurance but implementing integrated approaches, including investing in system security and sealing loopholes of a cybercrime attack.

References

Romanosky, S., Ablon, L., Kuehn, A., & Jones, T. (2017). Content analysis of cyber insurance policies: How do carriers write policies and cyber price risk?

Biener, C., Eling, M., & Wirfs, J. H. (2015). Insurability of cyber risk: An empirical analysis. The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance-Issues and Practice40(1), 131-158.

Bailey, L. (2014). Mitigating moral hazard in cyber-risk insurance. JL & Cyber Warfare3, 1.

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Research, identify, and discuss at least 2 emerging trends or legal issues involving cyber law or Internet law.

Research, identify, and discuss at least 2 emerging trends or legal issues involving cyber law or Internet law..

The director of your department has requested that you conduct some research on the topic of cyber law or Internet law. He has asked you to draft a memo including the following information:
Research, identify, and discuss at least 2 emerging trends or legal issues involving cyber law or Internet law. Examples could include but are not limited to the following topics: e-contracts e-signatures cyber torts use of social networking for advertising social networking and employee restraints identify theft cyberstalking Include good research and references to discuss the cyber law issues identified. Research, identify, and summarize a specific legal case involving a cyber law issue. The summary should include a good description of the facts of the case and the outcome (court’s ruling) of the case. Provide your opinion on the outcome of the case. Do you agree with the court’s ruling, or do you feel that a different outcome would have been more justified? Why or why not? Include all appropriate APA citations and references.

Research, identify, and discuss at least 2 emerging trends or legal issues involving cyber law or Internet law.

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Discuss two trends of increased cyber victimization.

Discuss two trends of increased cyber victimization..

*All essay responses must be a minimum of 200 words, not counting references listed at the end or repeating of the question, and cited per APA guidelines. A minimum of two scholarly resources is required to support your response. There must be a minimum of 3 in text citations cited properly.
Course Text Book is Taylor, R. W., Fritsch, E. J., & Liederbach, J. (2015). Digital crime and digital terrorism (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
1. Discuss two threats of the information age. Discuss at least one specific example of each.
2. Define, discuss, and provide a detailed dialogue of an example for each of the following: information warfare, cyberterrorism, and cybercrime.
3. Discuss the four categories of computer crimes. Provide a specific example of each.
4. Discuss two trends of increased cyber victimization.
5. Discuss two specific instances of information attacks over the past ten years. How could they have been prevented?
6. Briefly explain choice theory and routine activities theory and the relevance to digital crime.
7. What is the difference between cybercriminals and hackers? How can some hackers’ actions be legal?
8. Define social process theories. Which learning theory is the most beneficial in the study of individuals who commit cybercrimes, and why?
9. Discuss two psychological theories of crime. Provide an example of each type in relation to cybercrimes. You must discuss a specific criminal for each and assign the appropriate psychological theory. This will require outside research on your part.
10. How is social media used in cybercrimes? Give at least two specific examples.
11. What is the major law making identity theft a federal crime? Explain the effectiveness of this law, and suggest more effective ways of combating identity theft.
12. Explain the four primary environments in which viruses operate.
13. What is a Trojan horse virus? Briefly summarize how they work.
14. Discuss how most viruses and malware are classified. How is exposure measured?
15. How has the Internet increased the number of people, including children, who are sexually exploited or victimized? Using specific statistics, studies, and cases, outline and discuss the evolution of Internet exploitation. Include a discussion of specific crimes and any laws enacted to combat these crimes. Are they effective? Why, or why not?
16. How do child pornographers use the Internet? How does law enforcement track and prosecute child pornographers?
17. What are some examples of domestic terrorist groups that use cyberspace? How do they use cyberspace to spread their messages and carry out their crimes?
18. Discuss the law enforcement initiatives that are trying to combat cyber-sex crimes. What are the prevalent jurisdictional issues, issues with evidence and detection, and suspect identification?
19. What is the legal definition of a hate crime? Is this definition sufficient? How would you change it, if at all? Also, define right-wing extremism and left-wing extremism. What is an example of a left-wing group? What is an example of a right-wing group? How does each group use the Internet to carry out their nefarious activities? What tools does law enforcement have to combat these groups?
20. How does one determine whether an action is a search and whether such search is reasonable? You must include a discussion of at least one relevant case.
21. What are the roles, responsibilities, and initiatives of the FTC in combating cybercrimes?
22. What are the roles, responsibilities, and initiatives of the Secret Service in combating cybercrimes?
23. What are the roles, responsibilities, and initiatives of the Department of Energy in combating cybercrimes?
24. What are the roles, responsibilities, and initiatives of the ICE in combating cybercrimes?

*All responses should be 75 words and APA format
1. Explain what a worm is and how it functions. (75 Words)
2. What is false authority syndrome, and what risks does it pose? (75 Words)
3. What is a pseudo virus expert? (75 Words)
4. Define and distinguish adware and spyware. Give an example of each. (75 Words)
5. What is a DoS attack? How does it work? (75 Words)
*The responses should be 500 words using APA format and in text citation
1. Outline and explain the evolution of ONE of the following criminal enterprises. Make sure you give a specific example of a crime perpetrated. (This response should be 500 words.)
Choose one of the following:
a .African criminal enterprises, b. Asian criminal enterprises, c. Balkan criminal enterprises, d. Eurasian criminal enterprises., e. Italian criminal enterprises., f. Middle Eastern criminal enterprises., g .Mexican and South American criminal enterprises.
2. What are some challenges that local law enforcement officers face? What do law enforcement officers need to combat computer crimes at the state and local levels?
3. Explain the process, step by step, that electronic evidence must follow to be admitted at trial. You must make reference to the necessary Federal Rules of Evidence. You should also discuss at least one illustrative case example.
4. Identify and explain at least three different federal statutes related to digital crime.

*The paper should be at least two pages in length. APA format is required for all citations and references.
Project: Part 1
Throughout the Unit Lessons (now might be a good time to go back and review them) and the textbook reading in this class, we have met some pretty creepy characters. Now it is time to create and investigate your own computer criminal!
You must make this person up from scratch; do not outline a real person or case. You will invent a cybercriminal, and identify the following information:
1. Name and background (education, family, etc.)
2. Where the criminal lives
3. Where the criminal works
Now, create a fact pattern (narrative) explaining in detail this person’s crime or crimes. (Fact pattern is a term used in many areas, especially law. In law, the term fact pattern simply means the true and accurate description of what happened in a crime, or alternatively, events leading to a lawsuit.)
Include the following:
1. How do they do what they do (equipment, funding, etc.)?
2. Under what psychological theories and profiles do they fall?
3. Are they a member of any specific criminal organization?
4. What is their classification, and how are they identified as such (hacker, script kiddie, etc.)?
Next, develop a fact pattern where this person commits their ultimate crime. Walk us through the steps of the crime: how is it carried out, upon whom is it carried out, and what is the ultimate goal of the criminal? Use as much detail as possible. Do they use a virus? Are they infiltrating a company they work for? How? What kinds of systems do they use? What kind of systems do they infiltrate?

Project: Part 2
Thepaper should be at least two pages in length. APA format is required for all citations and references.
Take the criminal invented in Part 1, and complete the following tasks:
You are a law enforcement officer that has arrived on the scene, been assigned to track down, whatever the case may be, the computer criminal you created in Part I of this Project for this course.
MCJ 6374, Special Topics in Criminology and Criminal Justice 3
Summarize your answers to the following questions:
1. What is your first step? Why?
2. What agency do you work for? Why are you the correct person/agency to catch this criminal? Explain your jurisdictional authority.
3. What law or laws are applicable to this criminal and these crimes? Why?
4. How are you going to work with other agencies?
5. Locate and identify the evidence.
6. What search and seizure procedure did you follow?
7. Provide a chain of custody, tracking the evidence.
8. How do you authenticate the evidence for trial?
9. Do you catch the criminal?
10. How is he or she prosecuted? What court hears evidence, and why? What rules of evidence are used?
11. Was this project an effective exercise? Why, or why not?

Discuss two trends of increased cyber victimization.

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Cyber psy 4

Cyber psy 4.

Preparation

To prepare for this assessment, complete the following: Choose a specific age group to research: children, teens, young adults, middle-aged adults, or seniors. Research the physical and psychosocial effects of social media for a specific age group. Instructions

Then, use the APA Paper Template, linked in the Resources under the APA Resources heading, as you complete the following: Critically review scholarly literature that examines the physical effects of social media for your chosen age group. Critically review the scholarly literature that examines the psychosocial effects of social media for your chosen age group. Critically review reliable media sources for information related to the use and effects of social media for your chosen age group. Provide a rationale for a proposed research topic for the specific age group you selected while preparing for this assessment.

Note the following: References must be mostly scholarly in nature. In other words, direct your research to professional psychology journals and texts, as well as current articles from the media (for example, articles from PewResearch, professional journals, and respected media). The library guide for this course will help you locate appropriate sources. Wikipedia is not a reliable source of information for this purpose but may be useful for background information. Do not cite Wikipedia. Additional Requirements Written communication:Ensure written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message. Formatting: Format resources and citations according to current APA style and formatting guidelines. Use Microsoft Word. Number of pages: 3–5 double-spaced pages, excluding the cover page and references. Number of resources: Use a minimum of four resources, with two resources being more scholarly. Font and font size: Use Times New Roman, 12-point font.

Cyber psy 4

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Cyber psy 3

Cyber psy 3.

Preparation

For this assessment, choose either a physical problem or psychosocial issue focused on self, personality, and abnormal behavior in the workplace. For example, a compulsion to gamble online creates many problems. Think about what unmet psychological need explains about the motivation to gamble. Is it an escape from negative emotional stress or the need for excitement—or something else? Another example, excessive Internet usage at work, may affect job performance and violate company policy. Consider the theory surrounding addiction and the theory that underlies the treatment of addiction. In addition to job performance issues, excessive computer usage can cause physical problems, for example, carpal tunnel syndrome, headaches, and backaches, et cetera. Instructions

Finish each section of the APA Paper Template, linked in the Resources under the APA Resources heading, as you complete the following: Explain how the underlying psychological theory relates to the problem or issue. Ensure you complete the following for a reliable media source:  Examine what current reliable media reports about your chosen issue. Evaluate a solution suggested by a reliable source. Ensure you complete the following for a scholarly source:  Evaluate a solution suggested by a scholarly source. Assess the weaknesses in the data collection method of a scholarly source. Evaluate the conclusions of a scholarly source.

Note the following: References must be mostly scholarly in nature. In other words, you should direct your research to professional psychology journals and texts, as well as current articles from the media (for example, articles from PewResearch, professional journals, and respected media). The library guide for this course will help you locate appropriate sources. Wikipedia is not a reliable source of information for this purpose but may be useful for background information. Do not cite Wikipedia. Additional Requirements Written communication:Ensure written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message. Formatting: Format resources and citations according to current APA style and formatting guidelines. Use Microsoft Word. Number of pages: 3–5 double-spaced pages, excluding the cover page and references. Number of resources: Use a minimum of three resources, with two resources being more scholarly. Font and font size: Use Times New Roman, 12-point font.

Cyber psy 3

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Cyber psy 6

Cyber psy 6.

Preparation Step 1: Select a Topic

Considering what you have learned about the field of cyberpsychology, choose one of these topics that interests you or pertains to your current job or future career: Activism. Addiction. Art. Artificial intelligence. Augmented reality. Big data. Blogging or microblogging. Cloud computing. Cloud forensics. Cyberbullying. Cyberdefense. Cyberhate. Cyberporn. Cyberstalking. Cybertherapy. Criminal networks. Digital divide. E-commerce or consumer behavior. Embedded computation. Enterprise architecture. Enterprise analytics. Education. Energy efficiency. Entrepreneurs. Ergonomic issues. Fundraising. Hackers. Health care. H–CI (Human–computer interface). Individual differences. Influence and persuasion. Internet addiction. Media. Mobile technology. National security. Online learning or virtual high school. Physiological interaction. Privacy. Product development. Real-time analytics. Robots. Security. Self-disclosure. Shadow IT. Social networking. Support groups. Tracking. User customization. Virtual gaming. Step 2: Identify Unanswered Problems or Issues Research the scholarly literature and reliable media to identify unanswered problems or issues related to a specific issue or problem (from the list above) in a career field.

Note the following: References should be mostly scholarly in nature. In other words, you should direct your research to professional psychology journals and texts, and current articles from the media (for example, articles from PewResearch, professional journals, and respected media). The library guide for this course will help you locate appropriate sources. Wikipedia is not a reliable source of information for this purpose but may be useful for background information. Do not cite Wikipedia. Instructions

Complete each section of the Qualitative Research Proposal Template, linked in the Resources under the Required Resources heading, to complete your research proposal. If you are not familiar with writing a research question, below are some suggestions for writing a research question: Ask a primary (or main) question and then, if necessary, follow with sub-questions that will lead to the primary question. For example, you may ask “How does social networking help people to feel connected?” Sub-questions may include, “What ways do people use social networking?” or “How is connectedness measured?” Recognize your own biases as you ask your question. For example, you may believe that social networking is a waste of time, but you should ask your question in a neutral manner. For example, “What does the research show about the psychosocial impact of social networking?” is a neutral question. “Why social networking?” is not a neutral question. Use question words to guide your work: How? What? Why? Where? When? With whom? Ensure your question is answerable by consulting research sources (such as the Internet and the Capella University Library). Additional Requirements Written communication:Ensure written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message. Formatting: Format references according to current APA style and formatting guidelines. Use Microsoft Word. Number of resources: Include a minimum of five scholarly references. Font and font size: Use Times New Roman, 12-point fo

REQUIRED FORM FOR ASSESMENT 

Qualitative Research Proposal Form

PSYC-FP4210: Cyberpsychology

Note: Boxes will expand as you type in them.  

Your Name

    

Assessment (#):

    

1. Introduction 

Introduce the proposed study and summarize the existing research sufficiently that your readers will understand the basis for your proposal.

    

2. Research Question

List each research question (or questions), in clear and specific terms, for this study.

    

3. Methods, Procedures, and Techniques

a) What are the methods for this study?

Provide specific information here.

    

b) How will you collect data?

c) Why did you choose this methodology?

d) What are the advantages of this research methodology? 

e) What are the disadvantages of this methodology?

4. Sample

a) What is the population of interest?

b) Who are the sample participants?

c) Explain how this sample is (and is not) representative of the population. Include a discussion of any inclusion or exclusion criteria for participation.

5. Procedures

a) What are the participant recruitment procedures?

b) What are the study procedures?  

(What will you do and where will you do it in?)

6. Benefits

What are the benefits of this study to the field of cyberpsychology? How will this study advance the field? Explain.

7. Benefits to Career Field

What are the benefits to the career field?

Cyber psy 6

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Cyber psy 1

Cyber psy 1.

Instructions

Use your research and accumulated knowledge, along with the APA Paper Template, linked in the Resources under the APA Resources heading, to complete the following: Describe the key advances in technology and the application of new technologies since 2011. Explain the underlying psychological theories and models associated with cyberpsychology. Describe how the field of cyberpsychology specifically relates to the allied fields of human–computer interaction, human factors, usability, user-interface design, and ergonomics. Explain how a theory in cyberpsychology influences a specific career or related field. For example, how does the sociocultural theory of development influence the work of a software designer who develops online games. Analyze the positive and negative implications of advances in technology related to your job or future career. Explain a specific ethical, legal, or psychological issue or concern, related to the field of cyberpsychology. Support your positions with APA citations from at least two scholarly sources.

Note the following: References must be mostly scholarly in nature. In other words, direct your research to professional psychology journals and texts, as well as current articles from the media (for example, articles from PewResearch, professional journals, and respected media). The library guide for this course will help you locate appropriate sources. Wikipedia is not a reliable source of information for this purpose but may be useful for background information. Do not cite Wikipedia. Additional Requirements Written communication:Ensure written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message. Formatting: Format resources and citations according to current APA style and formatting guidelines. Use Microsoft Word. Number of resources: Include a minimum of two scholarly resources. Number of pages: 3–5 double-spaced pages, excluding the cover page and references. Font and font size: Use Times New Roman, 12-point font.

Cyber psy 1

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Assess the risks or remote working and cyber essential and accreditation

Assess the risks or remote working and cyber essential and accreditation.

This is a paper that is focusing on the assess the risks or remote working and cyber essential and accreditation. The paper also provides additional information to use in the writing of the assignment paper. Below is the assessment description to follow:

Assess the risks or remote working and cyber essential and accreditation

1           Background

Stonebridge Consulting Ltd. (SC) works within an intensely competitive market wherein there are a significant number of IT consulting companies fighting for a relatively small share of the market. The company offers services in 3 main areas:

a.       Firstly, Cybersecurity, including cybersecurity assessments, programme development and maintenance and education of company executives

b.       Secondly, security of Assets and People, including comprehensive security evaluations, integrated risk, vulnerability and threat assessments and equipment and technical infrastructure evaluation; and

c.       Thirdly, business Intelligence, including strategic intelligence, enhanced due diligence and world-wide asset tracing.

SC reported a turnover of £3 million in the financial year 2019-2020.

Assess the risks or remote working and cyber essential and accreditation

There are 5 departments (Consulting – by far the largest, sales, marketing, HR and IT) each led by a director. These departments are located in two offices in the UK, one in Silverstone and another in Cheltenham. Consulting staff along with Sales are based in Cheltenham. The Silverstone office houses the human resources, finance/purchasing and marketing departments. SC outsources its IT to CyHelm, an IT firm out of West London.

You are the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) of SC. You report directly to the CIO. Also, you have also been assigned to appoint a new Data Protection Officer, currently interviewing candidates.

The COVID-19 pandemic and the requirement for most organisations to change their modus operandi to remote working has led to a spike of high-profile cyber incidents, resulting in digital services outages which have attracted media attention. SC also has to comply with UK requirement to gain the Cyber Essentials Plus Certification in order to participate in Department of Defence projects. These two issues have led SC’s board of directors to take a highly radical approach to security.

There is now an overwhelming need to assess the risk for these two issues; risks of remote working and risks related to the activities required to be undertaken in order to achieve the Cyber Essential + accreditation. The board has also suggested that the company should establish an information risk management strategy, commencing from a thorough risk assessment.

The members of the board have heard that capability maturity models provide holistic, enterprise level risk assessments. The CIO has asked you to review existing capability maturity models and provide a report outlining the model you believe is more applicable to SC while analysing how it should be applied within the company.

Assess the risks or remote working and cyber essential and accreditation

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